![\"religon.jpg\"](\"http:\/\/blogs.dalton.org\/rome\/files\/2008\/01\/religon.jpg\")
<\/h2>\n<\/h2>\nRoman Mythology<\/a> Roman Mythology<\/a> Roman Gods and Goddesses and their Roman Counterparts<\/a> Roman Religon<\/a> Numa: The Institutions of Roman Religion, 7th Cent. BC<\/a> Flamen<\/a> Expiation of an Umbrian Town: Archaic Roman Sackrifice<\/a> M. Tullius Cicero (105-43 BCE): from On the Republic (Scipio’s Dream)<\/a> The Dream of Scipio: Cicero, ‘On the Republic,’ VI, 14-26 <\/a> Prayers and Rituals from Cato’s ‘De Agricultura’<\/a> Lucretius (98-c.55 BCE): The Worship of Cybele<\/a> Tacitus: Rebuilding the Temple of Jupiter, 70 CE<\/a> Lupercalia<\/a> Lupercalia: She-Wolf<\/a> Junillus<\/a> Personel Piety in Rome: Apuleius, ‘Apologia,’ 55-6<\/a> Etruscan Religion<\/a> Etruscan Pantheon<\/a> The Etruscan World: Etruscans and Religon<\/a> Secespita “The Sacrificial Knife”: A Roman Book of Blood Sacrifice<\/a> Accounts of Roman State Religion, c. 200 BCE- 250CE<\/a> Civic Religion and Civic Patronage<\/a> The Mysteries of Dionysos at Pompeii<\/a> Roman Religious Toleration: The Senatus Consultum de Bacchanalibus<\/em>, 186 BCE <\/a> Roman Religiones Licitae and Illicitae<\/em>, c. 204 BCE – 112 CE<\/a> Religion and the Roman Empire — Judaism. By Steven Muhlberger. <\/a> Religion and the Roman Empire — Christianity . By Steven Muhlberger. <\/a> Eastern Religions in the Roman World<\/a> Mithraism<\/a> The Mysteries of Mithras by David Ulansey<\/a> Mithraeum<\/a> Mithras<\/a> Bull-Killer, Sun Lord<\/a> The Roman Cult of Mithras<\/a> Mithraism & Christianity: (A Comparison)<\/a> The Pagan Shadow of Christ ?<\/a> Colossal Temples of the Roman Near East<\/a> The Jewish Roman World of Jesus<\/a> Pliny, Letters 10.96-97<\/a> Medieval Sourcebook: Diocletian: Edicts Against The Christians<\/a> Early Christian Dloctrine on Jesus Christ<\/a> The Early Church in Late Antiquity: A Select Introductory Bibliography<\/a> The First Council of Nicaea<\/a> The First Council of Nicaea-325 AD<\/a> Nicaea I, 325 CE: Arianism<\/a> Constantinople I, 381 CE: Apollinarianism<\/a> Ephesus, 431 CE: Nestorianism<\/a> Chalcedon, 451 CE: Eutychianism(=Monophysitism)<\/a> Constantinople II, 553 CE: Three Chapters Controversy<\/a> Hypatia of Alexandria<\/a> The Christian Catacombs <\/a> The Catacombs of Rome: A unique voyage within a hidden world.<\/a> Early Christian Writings: All of Early Christianity, New Testament, Apocrypha, Gnostics and Early Church Fathers<\/a> Electronic New Testament Educational Resources <\/a> Augustine of Hippo<\/a> Grave Art: Early Christian Tombs and Figures of Mourning in Augustine’s Confessions<\/a> Augustine<\/strong><\/p>\n Guide to Early Church Documents and Early Patristic Writings<\/a> Tertullian <\/a> The Tertullian Project<\/a> The Works of Tertullian <\/a> Tertullian Online Text for Tertullian <\/a> Medieval Sourcebook: Galerius and Constantine: Edicts of Toleration 311\/313<\/a> Medieval Sourcebook: Constantine I: Laws for Christians <\/a> Medieval Sourcebook: Constantine I: On the Keeping of Easter <\/a> Ante-Nicene Fathers: The Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325 <\/a> Ancient History Sourcebook: The Ritual Cannabilism Charge Against Christians <\/a> Patrologia Latina<\/a>
\nExcerpted from the UNRV History of the Roman Empire.<\/p>\n
\n“The beliefs and practices of the inhabitants of the Italian peninsula from ancient times until the ascendancy of Christianity in the 4th century CE.” Courtesy of Encylopedia Mythica.<\/p>\n
\n“A List From Roman Mythology Compiled by Gregory Flood” Courtesy of ThoughtCo.<\/p>\n
\nCourtesy of the Ancient History Encyclopedia.<\/p>\n
\nFrom: William Stearns Davis, ed., Readings in Ancient History: Illustrative Extracts from the Sources, 2 Vols. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1912-13), Vol. II: Rome and the West, pp. 9-15. Courtesy of Encylopedia Mythica. Courtesy of Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.<\/p>\n
\nExcerpted from A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890) <\/span>William Smith, LLD, William Wayte, G. E. Marindin, Ed. Courtesy of hte Perseus Digital library.<\/p>\n
\n“The following has been translated from texts inscribed in Umbrian dialect on bronze tablets from Gubbio, ancient Iguvium. Iguvium is one hundred miles north of Rome. The ritual described was probably typical of early Italian religion generally.” Translation by Frederick C. Grant, in his Ancient Roman Religion, Library of Religion paperbook series (New York, 1957), pp. 4-6, from Franz Bucheler, Umbrica (1883).<\/p>\n
\nFrom: Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources (Milwaukee: University Research Extension Co., 1907), Vol. III: The Roman World, pp. 216-241. Courtesy of Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.<\/p>\n
\n“The Dream of Scipio’ is the conclusion of Cicero’s treatise On the Republic, probably written in 54 B.C. The dialogue is assumed to have taken place during the Latin holidays in 129 B.C., in the garden Of Scipio Africanus the Younger. Scipio relates-a dream in which he saw his grandfather, Scipio Africanus the Elder. ‘When I recognized him, I trembled with terror, but he said: “Courage, Scipio, do not be afraid, but remember carefully what I am to tell you.” Translated by W. D. Pearman.<\/p>\n
\nCourtesy of Nova Roma.<\/p>\n
\nFrom Lucretius: On the Nature of Things<\/em>, translation by William Ellery Leonard.Courtesy of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook. Courtesy of Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.<\/p>\n
\n“In 70 CE Vespasian ordered the restoration of the Temple of Jupiter the Best and Greatest on the Capitoline Hill. The event was recorded by Tacitus in an account which gives some idea of the ceremonies of the state religion, and its intense conservatism.” Tacitus: Histories, Book 4. liii., Translated by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb.Courtesy of Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.<\/p>\n
\nArticle by Leonhard Schmitz, Ph.D., F.R.S.E., Rector of the High School of Edinburgh on p718 of William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D.: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities<\/em>, John Murray, London, 1875. Courtesy of Bill Thayer of LacusCurtius.<\/p>\n
\nCourtesy of the Pagan Library.<\/p>\n
\nLatin text of the Instituta<\/em> ,and an English translation all prepared by John F. Collins.<\/p>\n
\n“Apuleius is defending himself against the charge of practicing magic, and especially of carrying magical objects wrapped in a handkerchief.” Translation by Frederick C. Grant, in his\u00a0Ancient Roman Religion<\/i>, Library of Religion paperbook series (New York, 1957), pp. 226-8<\/p>\n
\n“The basis of Etruscan religion was the fundamental idea that the destiny of man was completely determined by the vagaries of the many deities worshipped by the Etruscans. Every natural phenomenon, such as lightning, the structure of the internal organs of sacrificial animals, or the flight patterns of birds, was therefore an expression of the divine will, and contained a message which could be interpreted by trained priests such as Augurs.”. Excerpted from the Mysterious Etruscans.<\/p>\n
\nCourtesy of the Ancient History Encylopedia<\/p>\n
\nCourtesy of the Penn Museum.<\/p>\n
\nA work containing:The Names of the Gods, a Fasti of all Holy Days, Auspicious and Unlucky Days and a Multitude of Important Facts.<\/p>\n
\nFeaturing the writings of Cato the Elder, Cicero, Livy and Plutarch. From: William Stearns Davis, ed., Readings in Ancient History, 2 Vols. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1912-13), Vol. II, pp. 9-15; 289. Courtesy of Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.<\/p>\n
\nby John Nicols<\/p>\n
\nby R. A. S. Seaford. This paper was first published in H. W. Stubbs (ed.), Pegasus: Classical Essays from the University of Exeter (1981) 52-67 and is reproduced in Diotima: materials for the Study of Women and Gender in hte Ancient World.<\/p>\n
\nLivy, History of Rome<\/em>, Book XXXIX.From: Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources<\/em>(Milwaukee: University Research Extension Co., 1907), Vol. III: The Roman World<\/em>, pp. 65-77. Courtesy of Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.<\/p>\n
\nFeaturing the writings of Livy, Prudentius, Suetonius, Strabo and Pliny the Younger. Courtesy of Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.<\/p>\n
\nOnline Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia, Section Editor: Steven Muhlberger. This file may be copied on the condition that the entire contents, including the header and this copyright notice, remain intact.<\/p>\n
\nOnline Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia, Section Editor: Steven Muhlberger. This file may be copied on the condition that the entire contents, including the header and this copyright notice, remain intact.<\/p>\n
\nThematic Essay excerpted from the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art.<\/p>\n
\n“The legacy of the Roman Empire’s final pagan state religion.” by David Fingrut, SEED Alternative School Toronto, 1993. Courtesy of Bill Thayer of LacusCurtius. copyright \u00a9 William P. Thayer.<\/p>\n
\nThis article is a summary of David Ulansey’s bookThe Origins of the Mithraic Mysteries: Cosmology and Salvation in the Ancient World<\/em> (Oxford University Press, revised paperback, (1991).<\/p>\n
\n“A religious organization dedicated to the worship of Mithras, and the revival of Mithraism & The Mithraic Mysteries.\u00a0”<\/p>\n
\n“This page is dedicated to the Sun God Mithras.”<\/p>\n
\nBy Carly Silver. “Foreign religions grew rapidly in the 1st-century A.D. Roman Empire, including worship of Jesus Christ, the Egyptian goddess Isis, and an eastern sun god, Mithras.”<\/p>\n
\n“The Roman deity\u00a0Mithras<\/span>\u00a0appears in the historical record in the late 1st century A.D., and disappears from it in the late 4th century A.D. Unlike the major mythological figures of Graeco-Roman religion, such as Jupiter and Hercules, no ancient source preserves the mythology of the god. All of our information is therefore derived from depictions on monuments, and the limited mentions of the cult in literary sources.” courtesy of the Tertullian project.<\/p>\n
\nBy Franz Cumont. Courtesy of CAIS The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies.<\/p>\n
\nBy Professor Roger Beck. Courtesy of the BBC.<\/p>\n
\nThematic Essay excerpted from the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art.<\/p>\n
\nBy Dr James Tabor, Professor in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina.<\/p>\n
\n“Pliny the Younger was governor of Pontus\/Bithynia from 111-113 AD. We have a whole set of exchanges of his letters with the emperor Trajan on a variety of administrative political matters. These two letters are the most famous, in which P. encounters Christianity for the first time.”<\/p>\n
\n“This text is part of the Internet Medieval Source Book. The Sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copy-permitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine history.”<\/p>\n
\nOnline Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. The contents of ORB are copyright \u00a9 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.<\/p>\n
\nOnline Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia.Compiled by Bernadette McNary-Zak. The contents of ORB are copyright \u00a9 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.<\/p>\n
\nby H. Leclercq, Transcribed by Anthony A. Killeen.From the Catholic Encyclopedia, copyright \u00a9 1913 by the Encyclopedia Press, Inc. Electronic version copyright \u00a9 1996 by New Advent, Inc.<\/p>\n
\nTranslation by Norman P. Tanner. Courtesy of Papal Encyclicals Online.<\/p>\n
\nOnline Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. By Bill East. The contents of ORB are copyright \u00a9 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.<\/p>\n
\nOnline Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. By Bill East. The contents of ORB are copyright \u00a9 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.<\/p>\n
\nOnline Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. By Bill East. The contents of ORB are copyright \u00a9 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.<\/p>\n
\nOnline Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. By Bill East. The contents of ORB are copyright \u00a9 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.<\/p>\n
\nOnline Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia. By Bill East. The contents of ORB are copyright \u00a9 1995-1999 Laura V. Blanchard and Carolyn Schriber except as otherwise indicated herein.<\/p>\n
\nA meta index of web based resources on Hypatia of Alexandria. Assembed and maintained by Howard A. Landman.<\/p>\n
\n“The catacombs originated in Rome between the end of the second and the beginning of the third centuries A.D., under the papacy of Pope Zephyrin (199-217), who entrusted to the deacon Callixtus, who would later become pope (217-222), the task of supervising the cemetery of the Appian Way, where the most important pontiffs of the third century would be buried.”<\/p>\n
\n“The Catacombs of Rome is a film which contains a very unique collection of Paleochristian art, and includes frescoe paintings, sculptures, greek and latin inscriptions and ancient “graffitti”. These precious images have all been filmed on location in Rome. ” (1991).<\/p>\n
\n“Early Christian Writings is the most complete collection of documents from the first two centuries with translations and commentary. Includes the New Testament, Apocrypha, Gnostics, and Church Fathers. The “Early Christian Writings: New Testament, Apocrypha, Gnostics, Church Fathers” site is copyright \u00a9 2001 Peter Kirby .”<\/p>\n
\nBy Prof. Felix Just, S.J. – Loyola Marymount University<\/p>\n
\nAugustine may have been the first saint to find a home page on the Internet and he has dwelled here, in a comfortable corner of the afterlife, since early 1994. In that year, he was the subject of the first of a series of seminars conducted over the Internet. The materials here were first gathered for that purpose, but have grown since. Suggestions and additions are always welcome.” Page maintained by J.J. O’Donnell.<\/p>\n
\n“A presentation to the Augustine Seminar at the University of Pennsylvania, James J. O’Donnell, Director, Jan. 31, 1994. Copyright, Eugene Vance (e-mail: vance@u.washington.edu). Not to be quoted without permission. Please note that this presentation was illustrated with slides. Edited for html by Lawrence Warner, University of Pennsylvania.”<\/p>\n\n
\n“This hypertext document contains pointers to Internet-accessible files relating to the early church, including canonical documents, creeds, the writings of the Apostolic Fathers and other historical texts relavant to church history”.<\/p>\n
\nBiography of Tertullian courtesy of the Catholic Encyclopedia<\/p>\n
\n“A collection of material ancient and modern about the ancient Christian Latin writer Tertullian and his writings. “.<\/p>\n
\n“Tertullian has left us 31 extant treatises, all in Latin. Approximate English translations of the titles are attached, but the usage varies so much that texts will be referred to using the Latin titles (although these also vary in the manuscripts – see the relevant section under each work). All must date between 190-220AD, but there is no agreement among scholars abouta definitive dating or sequence. “.<\/p>\n
\ncopyright \u00a9 2001 Peter Kirby.<\/p>\n
\nBoth texts translated in University of Pennsylvania. Dept. of History: Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European history<\/em>, (Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press [1897?-1907?]), Vol 4:, 1, pp. 28-30. Courtesy of Internet Medieval History Sourcebook.<\/p>\n
\nfrom Eusebius, Church History<\/em>, trans in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd Series, ed. P. Schaff and H. Wace, (repr. Grand Rapids MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1955), I, 380-384. Courtesy of Internet Medieval History Sourcebook.<\/p>\n
\nSelected from Henry R. Percival, ed.,The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church, Vol XIV of Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, edd. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, (repr. Edinburgh: T&T Clark; Grand Rapids MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1988) <\/em>, pp. 54-56. Courtesy of Internet Medieval History Sourcebook.<\/p>\n
\n“38 volumes — The most important writings from the first 800 years of the church.” Courtesy of the Early Church Fathers.<\/p>\n
\nIncludes the works of Minucius Felix and Hippolytus. From Minucius Felix, Octavius, R. E. Wallis, trans. in The Ante-Nicene Fathers<\/em> (Buffalo, N. Y.: The Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1887), Vol. 4, pp. 177-178 and From H. Achelis, Die Canones Hippolyti<\/em> (Leipzig, 1881), pp. 48-55. Courtesy of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook<\/em>.<\/p>\n
\nThe Patrologia Latina Database is an electronic version of the first edition of Jacques-Paul Migne’s PatrologiaLatina, published between 1844 and 1855, and the four volumes of indexes published between 1862 and 1865. The Patrologia Latina comprises the works of the Church Fathers from Tertullian in 200 AD to the death of PopeInnocent III in 1216.<\/p>\n