General Resources
Bryn Mawr Classical Review
“Mostly a review journal of Greek and Latin classics, the database also includes public interest articles on the classics.”
HISTOS: The New Electronic Journal of Ancient Histography
ACL Home Page (American Classical League)
In addition to providing electronic access to ACL documents, The ACL Home Page provides members and other interested people with resources of importance to the teaching and study of the Classics.
Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Rome Republic and Empire
“Excellent collecton of primary and secondary source materials.”
TOCS-IN
“TOCS-IN provides the tables of contents of a selection of Classics, Near Eastern Studies, and Religion journals, both in text format and through a Web search program. Where possible, links are given with articles of which the full text or an abstract is available online (about 6%).”
The Roman Society
“The Roman Society is the leading organisation in the United Kingdom for those interested in the study of Rome and the Roman Empire. Its scope is wide, covering Roman history, archaeology, literature and art down to about A.D. 700.”
A Smaller Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology and Geography by William Smith D.C.L & LL.D
Journal of Roman Archaeology, Annual Issues: tables of contents
The Classics page at Ad Fontes Academy
“Pagina hac domestica certior fies, candide lector, de rebus classicis quas in universitate a Georgio Masone nomen trahente invenias. Praeterea, si vis, haec pagina te ducet non solum ad bibliothecas huius paginae in quibus conduntur textus rerum scriptorum oratorum poetarum aliorumque auctorum Latinorum sed etiam ad vincula electronica ubique terrarum sita quae nonnullas res Graecas Romanasque tibi pandent.”
Lacus Curtius: into the Roman World by Bill Thayer
A comprehensive meta-index to sites of interest to students of Ancient Rome.
SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana
“Rome, The Home of the Empire and all perfection.” Copyright 2000, James Grout
VRoma: A Virtual Community for Teaching and Learning the Classics
“VRoma is first and foremost a community of scholars, both teachers and students, who help to create on-line resources for teaching Latin and ancient Roman culture and who use these resources in their courses.”
Pomoerium. Classics Resources
Welcome to the Website of Pomoerium containing the latest & noteworthy in research, method and debatein Classics & Biblical Studies around the World We hope you’ve enjoyed your stay here! Site developed by Dr. R. Pankiewicz.
Nova Roma
“Nova Roma is an organization dedicated to the study and restoration of ancient Roman culture.”
rogueclassicism: quidquid bene dictum est ab ullo, meum est ~ Seneca
Highlights recent developments in classical studies.
Romeinen en Latjn
A visual, interactive and educational site for the secondary level. Intended for teachers of history and their students. To go to the English page: scroll to the home page and click on the animated US flag.
UNRV.History: Roman Empire
“UNRV… United Nations of Roma Victor, represents the all encompassing power of Rome in the ancient world. United and Romanized, through conquest, or absorbed through its culture, Rome still stands today as a legacy to the achievement of mankind, and its failures. UNRV Roman Empire aims to give visitors a substantial look into what Rome was. We will delve into all aspects of its society and those of her neighbors, and perhaps share a greater understanding of our own world through that of the past. Through the sharing of archeological news, and in-depth content, we can only hope that just one person will be inspired to dig deeper into history. We hope to provide a forum for those who study Rome in all forms. A place for scholars, students and those who seek to learn, to exchange ideas and gather information. Perhaps just one influenced mind will be the discover of the next Rosetta Stone, or unveil the secrets of religion to the world.”
Ancient Rome From the Earliest Times Down to 476 B.C. by Robert Pennell
A history of Rome by Robert F. Pennell, Allyn & Bacon, Boston, 1891. Courtesy of the Gutenberg .Project
Rome: Republic to Empire.
“The following web pages were created for a course I teach on Ancient Rome in Film Fiction, and Fact. To make the pages more useful to others, I have set up this list of topics with links to my web pages, many of which contain a number of sub-pages on specific aspects of the topic. Each topic page ends with a link to a source page containing specific bibliographic sources, thumbnails and information about the images used in the pages, and links to related external sites that my students and I have found useful.” Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.
Antica Roma .
General overview of ancient Rome in Italian. Courtesy of Flavio Nitoglia.
PBS: The Roman Empire in the First Century.
“Two thousand years ago, the world was ruled by Rome,and Rome was in turmoil. From the chaos of civil war, the Roman Empire would rise even stronger to embrace hundreds of cultures, and till the soil from which westerncivilization would grow. Meet the Emperors of Rome, read the words of poets and philosophers, learn about life in the 1st Century AD,then try your skills in our “Emperor of Rome” game!”
The Romans
“Antony Kamm’s introduction to the Romans, from the book published by Routledge, a member of the Taylor & Francis group.”
Roman Times
“An online magazine featuring articles about current archaeology and classical research into the art, literature. politics, warfare, entertainments, music, religion, cuisine, and daily lives of the inhabitants of the Roman Empire and Byzantium.”
www.imperiumromanum.info:Roman Numismatics, Art, History and Archeology
“This museum features a portrait gallery of Roman emperors and their families from the late Roman republic to the end of the western Roman Empire, both on coins and in sculpture. Pieces of art in marble and metal. In addition you will find Roman historical coins; countermarks on Roman coins; legionary stamps on Roman bricks; Roman military diploma; Roman military equipment; officials, provinces, buildings, animals, gods & mintmarks on Roman coins. It does not represent specific collections, not even of a network of collectors (who could be that rich anyway ?) It is a completely virtual museum, with scans from various sources. It thus took a lot of enthusiasm, but little budget to set up this museum.”
Timeline: Ancient Rome.
“Provides a chronological index of the hisory of Ancient Rome with extensive links to internet resources. Emphasis is placed upon the use of primary source material and the new perspectives upon the role of women in ancient time.”
Who was who in Roman times
The system contains information on 7200 persons living in Roman times,(or before), about 23000 links to 2000 documents containing furtherinformation, and links to 3000 images of these persons.
On-Line Survey of Audio-Visual Resources for Classics
“The new “On-line Survey of Audio-Visual Resources for Classics” is provided as a service to teachers and students of Classics everywhere! Find the item you want and with a click of a mouse arrive at the distributor’s on-line catalog page, where you can often preview it,hear it, see screenshots of it, read reviews of it, and order it right on-line!” copyright 2000 Janice Siegel.
Salvete! Welcome to Latinteach!
“LATINTEACH is an online e-mail discussion forum for Latin teachers. Our conversations include (but are certainly not limited to) pedagogy, teaching methodology and techniques, use of conversational Latin in the classroom, textbooks, incorporation of Roman culture into the curriculum, projects, lessons, etc. Basically, we discuss anything that has to do with teaching Latin!”
Ancient Rome
A meta index of internet sites related to ancient Rome from Teacher Oz’s Kingdom of History.
KIRKE – Katalog der Internetressourcen für die Klassische Philologie aus Erlangen
Voice of the Shuttle : Classical Studies Page
Links to sites of interest to students of classical studies. By Alan Liu, Department of English, University of California.
Rassegna Degli Strumenti Informatici per lo Studio dell’Antichita Classica
di Alessandro Cristofori, Department of Ancient History, University of Bologna
Electronic Resources for Classicists: The Second Generation by Maria C. Pantelia
“The following information was obtained mostly through frequent “trips” in the Cyberspace. Credit and many thanks are also due to James Ruebel, Iowa State University, who compiles the Repositories of Classical Texts or Publications, Ross Scaife, University of Kentucky, who maintains an extensive list of information and resources in the Univ. of Kentucky Classics Department Web server, Sebastian Heath whose Classics and Mediterranean Archaeology server is a great resource for Classics and Archaeology, and to the many subscribers of the CLASSICS Discussion Group, who have shared and continue to share information about new Internet resources with the rest of the group.”
The Campanian Society, Inc.
“The Campanian Society, Inc.is a non-profit educational organization dedicated to the advancement of knowledge in the humanities and the fine arts andin the social and cultural history of Naples and Campania and of the ancient Greco-Roman world. In particular The Campanian Society, Inc. sponsors activities and programs that are designed to heighten awareness and critical appreciation of the classical humanities, Greek and Roman social history, fine arts and architecture. Activities designed for innovative educators, discriminating travelers seeking cultural enrichment, adventurous adults, energetic retirees and explorers include programs which appeal to anyone interested in the literature, history, archaeology and overall culture of the Greco-Roman world and of ancient and modern Naples and the cities on the Bay. “
Estimated Life Expectancy in the Ancient World
“Adapted from “Frier’s Life Table for the Roman Empire,”
p.144 of T.G. Parkin, Demography and Roman Society (1992)”
Ancientvine: Journey back into Time
“Welcome to my Domus! As you wander through my house you will discover places that serve as my home base for certain activities. My Gallery is for my historical and academic pursuits. I created this site to express my passion for ancient history, especially of ancient Rome. I express this through recreating various aspects of ancient cultures in a 3D medium. The AncientVine also serves to display visions of ancient Greece, Egypt and other worlds of antiquity.”
Luxury Arts of Rome.
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Art of the Roman Provinces, 1-500 A.D.
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Les Nereides dans les mosaiques romaines
“Les quelques mosaïques que je présente ici ont pour sujet des Néréides, déesses marines de la mythologie grecque, filles de Nérée.” Courtesy of Diatoma Materials for the study of Women and Gender in the Ancient World
Polychromy of Roman Marble Sculpture.
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Roman Copies of Greek Statues.
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Roman Portrait Sculptures.
The Tom and Nan Riley Collection of Roman Portrait Sculptures.
Roman Portrait Sculpture: Republican through Constantinian.
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Roman Portrait Sculpture: :The Stylistic Cycle
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Reflections on the Roman World.
“The curator of a show of Roman glass now at the University Museum tells how the ancient glassworking industry reveals as much about the Romans as their architecture, thirst for conquest, or tendency to murder their emperors.” By Stuart Flemming. Copyright 1998 The Pennsylvania Gazette.
Wondrous Glass: Reflections on the World of Rome c. 50 B.C. – A.D. 650.
Ancient Glass in the Kelsey Museum.
Looking Through Roman Glass by David Whitehouse.
Courtesy of Archaeology, September 8, 1997. © 1997 by the Archaeological Institute of America
Glassmaking in Roman Times
Courtesy of © 2007 University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
Roman Glass
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Roman Cameo Glass
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Roman Gold Band Glass
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Roman Luxary Glass
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Roman Mold-Blown Glass
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Vitrum
Article by William Ramsay, M.A., Professor of Humanity in the University of Glasgow on pp1209‑1212. Excerpted from William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D.: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875. Courtesy of LacusCurtius by Bill Thayer.
Roman Mosaic and Network Glass
Courtesy of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Roman Painting
Thematic Essay excerpted from the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Roman Stuccowork
Thematic Essay excerpted from the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Introduction to Roman Architecture
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner introduces the wide variety of Roman buildings covered in the course and links them with the theme of Roman urbanism. The lecture ranges from early Roman stone construction to such masterpieces of Roman concrete architecture as the Colosseum and Pantheon. Traveling from Rome and Pompeii across the vast Roman Empire,Professor Kleiner stops in such locales as North Africa and Jordan to explore the plans of cities and their individual edifices: temples, basilicas, theaters, amphitheaters, bath complexes, and tombs. The lecture culminates with reference to the impact of Roman architecture on post-antique architectural design and building practice.” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.
Sample Plan of a Roman House
Excerpted from Rome: Republic to Empire, Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.
House of the Vine-Virtual Roman Home
“Salve! Welcome to my domus! Please feel free to roam around as there are many things to see. A Roman home typical of those found in Pompeii and Rome over 2000 years ago… This is the House of Decimus, also known as the House of the Vine”. By AncientVine.
A Bibliography on Roman Domestic Architecture
“The following is a bibliography in a state of being assembled. Its professed focus is Roman domestic architecture. There may be sources related to urban planning, social organization, etc., which I would like to flag and group together, in order to increase this page’s utility. ” by Joshua Brandt. Courtesy of LacusCurtius by Bill Thayer.
Roman Domestic Architecture (domus)
Essay by Dr. Jeffrey Becker. Courtesy of Khan Academy.
Roman Domestic Architecture (insula)
Essay by Dr. Jeffrey Becker. Courtesy of Khan Academy.
Roman Domestic Architecture (villa)
Essay by Dr. Jeffrey Becker. Courtesy of Khan Academy.
Roman Housing
Thematic Essay excerpted from the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
HomeSite of Senex Caecilius Rome
“Genuflex, his ianitor, waits to take you to another locus where you can view scenes from his travels to ancient sites. Or, you can tour the domus on your own. (You can enter every room from anywhere in the domus except the library.)”
Making Mini Romes on the Western Frontier
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner explores the architecture of the western provinces of the Roman Empire, focusing on sites in what are now North Italy, France, Spain, and Croatia”
The Tetrachic Renaissance
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.
The Roman Banquet
Thematic Essay excerpted from the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Antique Roman Dishes – Collection
Real Roman Recipes
by Carla Raimer. . . for a day at the baths. Excerpted from Secrets of the Lost Empires: Roman baths
De Re Coquinaria
“Alternately titled De opsoniis et condimentis sive de re culinaria libri decem (Ten books on catering and seasoning, or on cookery). It contains about 500 recipes divided into ten books.” In Latin. Courtesy of Forum Romanum
Roman Meals
Courtesy of VRoma.
Antique Roman Dishes – Collection
Translated by Micaela Pantke.
Antique Roman Recipes
“When we think of the food of Ancient Rome, it’s usually images of huge banquets which come to mind. But there was a lot more to Roman food than exotic dishes served by slaves at orgies. Lavish feasts there were, but also perfectly ordinary meals, very similar to what we eat todayranslated by Micaela Pantke.”
Roman Feasts and Holidays during the Late Republic
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper.
Wine and Rome
Excerpted from SPQR: Encylopaedia Romana. © Copyright James Grout
1997-2010
The Red Mullet in Rome
Excerpted from SPQR: Encylopaedia Romana. © Copyright James Grout
1997-2010
Age, Gender, and Status Divisions at Mealtime in the Roman House:a synopsis of the literary evidence
from: Pedar W. Foss, “Kitchens and Dining Rooms at Pompeii: the spatial and social relationship of cooking to eating in the Roman household,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, 1994, 45-56.
Roman Clothing, Part I
Excerpted from Rome: Republic to Empire, Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.
Roman Clothing, Part II (Women’s Clothing)
Excerpted from Rome: Republic to Empire, Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.
Roman Cosmetics and Perfume
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper All Rights Reserved
Roman Hair and Beards
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper All Rights Reserved
Roman Naming Conventions in the Late Roman Republic
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper All Rights Reserved
Roman Nomenclature
Excerpted from Rome: Republic to Empire, Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.
Pila
William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D.: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875. Courtesy of Bill Thayer of LacusCurtius. copyright © William P. Thayer 2002.
Bellum Catilinae: This is Catiline’s Home Page.
Roman Musical Instruments (Ptera, Auli, Hydrauli, etc.)
Courtesy of the Bellum Catilinae Home Page.
Musical Instruments
“Various instruments were used by the Romans to make music in many situations: during dining, at public festivals, in musical performances, and on the military field. The table below lists some of the instruments they used.” Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper.
II Centro de Suono: Sound and music of nature, prehistory, ancient Rome and ancient world
“Il Centro del Suono collaborates with researchers, institutes, museums, artists, artisans, experts in various sectors, offering the possibility to realize particularly advanced and innovative projects”
Ancient Roman Music
Short Overview of Roman music.Courtesy of Romae Vitae
What did Ancient Music Sound Like ? Collector’s Point of View.
By Eidelriz Senga. Courtesy of the Iris: Behind the Scenes at the Getty.
Doug Smith’s Ancient Greek & Roman Coins Numismatic Topics from One Collector’s Point of View.
An excellent overview of Greek and Roman coins for beginners as well as excellent scans of a number of issues.
Bearers of Meaning: The Ottiia Buerger Collection of Ancient and Byzantine Coins at Lawrence University.
“The idea for this catalogue and for the exhibition it accompanied followed closely and naturally upon Ottilia Buerger’s decision to make Lawrence University the permanent home of her collection of ancient and Byzantine coins, for it became immediately apparent that the exceptional breadth and quality of the collection would permit us to explore not only the historical and aesthetic importance of coins themselves, but also their political,religious, economic, and artistic contexts.”
Eight Hundred Years of Roman Coinage
“The subject of Roman numismatics spans almost eight hundred years, from early in the 3rd century B.C. to the Anastasian currency reform at the very end of the 5th century A.D. Although it began as the coinage of a relatively obscure central Italian city state, it quickly grew to bid me a large scale international currency” David R. Sear (c) copyright 1986 by Chicago Coin Club
A meta -index of sites relating to the study of ancient coins.
Virtual catalogue of Roman Coins
“Welcome to the Virtual Catalog of Roman Coins, a Web site devoted to helping students and teachers learn more about ancient Roman coins. These pages contain images and descriptions of coins from the Early Republic through the end of the 4th century A.D. and the formal division of the Roman Empire into east and west.
A meta -index of sites relating to the study of Roman coins.”
Billets et Monnaies- Le site numismatique
Presented by cgb.fr the numismatic site. The site has 1500 excellent scans of Roman coins.
Welcome to Wildwinds.
“Online reference, attribution, & valuation site for ancient Greek, Roman & Byzantine coins.”
London Mint 296-325 AD
The London Mint Coinage and its Historical Context
Roman Provincial Coinage Online
“The aim of the Roman Provincial Coinage series is to produce a standard typology of the provincial coinage of the Roman Empire from its beginning in 44 BC to its end in AD 296/7. The current Roman Provincial Coinage Online project is confined to the Antonine period (AD 138–192), but it is intended that it will form a model for putting other periods online in the future”
Roman Numismatics
A Description of Selected Roman Coin Types from My Own Collection. Excerpted from SPQR: Encylopaedia Romana. © Copyright James Grout
1997-2013.
The Coins of Pontius Pilate
“They are not really beautiful, or truly rare, nor are they of very great monetary value. Yet these apparently modest coins carry in their weight an era and an act which would have immense consequence to the history of the world. Indeed, they are closely associated with three basic factors which saw the foundation of Christianity:” By Jean-Philippe Fontanille.
Welcome to Trajan’s Coins
“This is mainly a site about my Trajan coin collection; however, as an educator I wanted to make it more so that it could be used as a resource by students and collectors. Thus, there are links throughout to more in-depth discussions of certain coins; to off-site websites regarding cities, provinces, world history of the time; and to links and other collections. “. By Dr Tom Buggery.
Gordian III: Marcus Antonius Gordianus
“My name is Michael Mihalka and thanks for coming to my Gordian III page. Except where otherwise noted, all the coins on this site are in my collection. If you have a coin that is not here and would like to sell or trade please contact me at mihalkam_1999@yahoo.com. I have duplicates of about half the coins here. “
Philip I Emperor of Rome 244-249: Antoninianus Presentation
“The attached 10 pages cointain pictures and attributions for silver coins minted during his reign.”
Coins of Probus
“This site is intended as a resource for anyone interested in the reign of the Roman emperor Probus, and his coinage.”
Mail in Imperial Rome
Excerpted from What the Sirens sang…
Balnae
William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D.: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875. Courtesy of Bill Thayer of LacusCurtius. copyright © William P. Thayer 2002.
Roman Baths and Bathing
“Of all the leisure activities, bathing was surely the most important for the greatest number of Romans, since it was part of the daily regimen for men of all classes, and many women as well. We think of bathing as a very private activity conducted in the home, but bathing in Rome was a communal activity, conducted for the most part in public facilities that in some ways resembled modern spas or health clubs (although they were far less expensive).” Excerpted from Rome: Republic to Empire, Courtesy of Barbara F. McManus, College of New Rochelle.
Secrets of the Lost Empire: Roman Bath
Nova site on Roman baths and Aqueducts. Excellent introduction, especially for the young reader.
Ancient Roman Baths
“Bathing played a major part in ancient Roman culture and society. Bathing was one of the most common daily activities in Roman culture, and was practiced across a wide variety of social classes. Though many contemporary cultures see bathing as a very private activity conducted in the home, bathing in Rome was a communal activity.”
The History and Importance of the Roman Bath
By Haley Mowdy
Sanitation Engineering
“Disparate authors such as Celsus, Vitruvius, Pliny, Frontinus, Columella, Varro and Vegetius, show the Roman concept of health interwoven with the normal life and ordinary process of government in the Roman Empire.” Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library.
Aqueducts: Quenching Rome’ s Thirst
“Ancient masters of engineering, aqueduct builders created a vast network of pipes, channels, and bridges to bring water to Rome, creating in the process an enduring symbol of Roman civilization and innovation.”. Courtesy of National Geographic.
Roman Aqueducts
This website on Roman aqueducts aims to show what marvellous work has been done by engineers and architects of the Roman empire.
Aquae Urbis Romae: The Waters of the City of Rome
“An interactive cartographic history of the relationship between hydrological and hydraulic systems and their impact on the urban development of Rome, Italy from 753 BC to the present day. Aquae Urbis Romae examines the intersection between natural hydraulic elements such as springs, rain, streams, marshes, and the Tiber Riber, and tectonic hydraulic elements such as aqueducts, fountain,sewers, bridges, conduits, etc.” Published by the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia. Copyright 1998-2001.
A review of Ancient Roman water supply exploring techniques of pressure reduction
M.C. Monteleone, H. Yeung and R. Smith.The Ancient Roman water supply systems still leave us astonished when admiring the solidity of the ruins of aqueducts surviving around Europe. Some parts of these systems are still in use at present and prove the practical efficiency of Roman hydraulics in the principles acquired from the populations living in the different regions of the Empire. In Pompeii the urban water supply system stands as a clear example of the Roman planning of urban complex networks by using small water towers to serve a limited numbers of users. This allowed to control the derivations and their maintenance and operated a disconnection from the high pressure mains and the low pressure pipes, maintaining a fixed maximum height of water over the final points of discharge. Considering the techniques for pressure reduction as a method to control leakages, this paper examines the ancient Roman water supply system to deduce some applications to modern urban networks built in new housing establishments. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply Vol 7 No 1 pp 113–120 Q IWA Publishing 2007
doi: 10.2166/
Roman Sanitation during the Late Republic
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper. All Rights Reserved.
Piscinae: Roman Fishponds
Excerpted from SPQR: Encylopaedia Romana. © Copyright James Grout
1997-2010.
Aquaculture: Ornamental Fishkeeping in Republican and Imperial Rome
“It was not until the great archeological excavations of the 1800’s that the socially and politically significant aspects of Roman fish keeping were seriously evaluated; research in this area is ongoing” By Kenneth Wingerter“
Eels in Roman Gardens
“I expect that many of the people who visit Pompeii imagine that the pools in Pompeiian gardens were stocked with goldfish. Actually, goldfish are native to China and the Chinese seem to have domesticated the goldfish about a thousand years ago, so you shouldn’t picture them in Pompeii’s pools.” By Kirk Johnson.
Greek and Roman Science and Technology
“This site has been designed to provide basic information on science and technology in ancient Greece and Rome. There are five main sections.” “Who’s who gives names, dates, brief biographies and bibliographic references for scientists and technologists in antiquity. What’s what gives a brief explanation of and references for things, such as machines,schools, and buildings, especially those mentioned in The Big Picture. The Big Picture is a table putting ancient scientists and inventions in their wider historical context. There are columns for military, political, and other(= social,economic, intellectual) history, as well as one each for science and technology. Specific subjects (under development) will give basic information on the different subjects, namely, astronomy (includes astrology), biology, engineering, geography, manufacturing, mathematics, mechanics, medicine, and physics (includes chemistry). Texts and translations (under development) will have links to other sites where they can be found on-line, in Greek or in English translation. It will also list printed texts and translations by author.”
Technology and Revolution in Roman Architecture
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner discusses the revolution in Roman architecture resulting from the widespread adoption of concrete in the late second and first centuries B.C. She contrasts what she calls innovative Roman architecture with the more traditional buildings already surveyed and documents a shift from the use of concrete for practical purposes to an exploration of its expressive possibilities” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.
Metallum.
Article by Philip Smith, B.A., of the University of London in A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875.. Courtesy of LacusCurtius by Bill Thayer.
Ancient Roman Mining and Quarrying Techniques
“This paper explores the history behind mines, the mining techniques and methods of transportation Romans used to take advantage of this vast mineral wealth and use it to build their thriving city and iconic buildings. We also see the working conditions of a slave in the mines and how the demand of Rome’s elite during the Late Republic drove production.”. Courtesy of Brewminate.
Roman Traction Systems by Judith A. Weller
“There has been considerable misunderstanding by modern historians about traction by equids during Antiquity.”
Building Roman Roads
By Martyn Shuttleworth. Courtesy of Explorable
Viae Romane
“Bibliography of Roman Roads.
Via Egnatia
Michele Fasolo. Courtesy of Community Books.
The Riddle of Ancient Roman Concrete by David Moore, PE
“This article first appeared in “The Spillway” a newsletter of the US Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Upper Colorado Region, February, 1993). Copyright 1993 David Moore, P.E.
Roman Architecture
Comprehensive overview of Roman architecture. Courtesy of Essential Humanities
Roman Architecture
Courtesy of A beginner’s guide to ancient Rome
Ancient Roman Pottery
Survey of Roman ceramic production. Courtesy of Wikipedia.
The AMPHORAS Project
Information on plain, unglazed, ceramic storage containers, with two handles, mostly pointed at the bottom, used to carry wine, oil, fish, and other commodities around the ancient Mediterranean. AMPHORAS is making available part of the archive collected by Virginia R. Grace at the excavations of the Agora at Athens, as well as some additional materials.
Amphora types according to Dressel
Amphora types according to Dressel.This table for dating amphoras is taken from Heinrich Dressel: Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, band XV, Berlin 1899. The table mainly covers Roman types.
Welcome to Roman Ceramics !
A site devoted to the study of Roman ceramics. Courtesy of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum.
Potsherds
“This is a collection of pages on pottery and ceramics in archaeology, principally of the Roman period (1st cent. BC – 5th cent. AD) in Britain and western Europe.”
Roman Amphorae: A digital resource
“This he Amphora Project developed by the Archaeology group at the University of Southampton.”
Corinth’s Roman Pottery: Quantification and Meaning
Kathleen Warner Slane. Courtesy of academia edu.
Navigare Necesse Est
“Not only for naval history buffs, but for all those who love the sea and the classics, and especially for those who, like me, are fascinated by Roman civilisation.” By Domencio Carro
Merchant vessels and maritime commerce in Roman times
“During the Imperial period Rome was an enormous city inhabited by about one million people. It constituted an extraordinary market, such as would not be found again on western Mediterranean shores until the nineteenth century. The organisation of a constant traffic of heavy products across long distances led to the construction of extremely specialised vessels featuring exceptional nautical characteristics, in order to ensure the regular provisioning of food supplies for Rome.”. By Giulia Boetto. Translated into English by Claire Calcagno
Roman Ships and navigation in ancient Rome.
Excerpted from Romae Vitiam: Everything Ancient Rome.
Roman Emperor Caligula and his legendary Lake Nemi ships
by Kathy Warnes” All of the material on this website is copyrighted. You are free to link to any of the articles and to download any of the PDF books to read and use as long as you credit me as the author. I fully hope and expect the classroom activities to be freely used.”
Early Roman Calendar
“The Romans borrowed parts of their earliest known calendar from the Greeks. The calendar consisted of 10 months in a year of 304 days. The Romans seem to have ignored the remaining 61 days, which fell in the middle of winter. The 10 months were named Martius, Aprilis, Maius, Junius, Quintilis, Sextilis, September, October, November, and December. The last six names were taken from the words for five, six, seven, eight, nine, and ten. Romulus, the legendary first ruler of Rome, is supposed to have introduced this calendar in the 700’s B.C.E.”
Calendopaedia – The Julian Calendar
“The Julian calendar was introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BC. It was in common use until the 1500s, when countries started changing to the Gregorian Calendar. However, some countries (for example, Greece and Russia) used it into this century, and the Orthodox church in Russia still uses it, as do some other Orthodox churches.” Courtesy of Calendopaedia: The Encyclopedia of Calendars..
Roman Calendar
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper.
The Roman Calendar
Excerpted from SPQR: Encylopaedia Romana. © Copyright James Grout
1997-2010
Roman Numeral: Date Converter
“Enter the decimal number or roman number and press the Convert butto”
Roman Numerals and Calendar
“Some years ago, in response to requests from book collecting acquaintances and teachers, I put together some information about Roman numerals. These pages have turned out to be surprisingly popular and they have now been updated with illustrations”.
Roman Weights and Measures
Copyright 1998 Rich Hamper.
Money, Weights and Measures in Antiquity
Excerpted from the Livius.org
Greek and Roman Weights, Measures, and Currency
Courtesy of the Program in Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology University of Saskatchewan.
Diotima: Women & Gender in the Ancient World
Materials for the study of women and gender in the Ancient World.
De Feminis Romanis: Latin Readings on Roman Women
By C.A.E. Luschnig and Erin Carney, Luke Henderson, Josh Livie. Courtesy of Diotima:Materials for the study of women and gender in the Ancient World.
Internet Women’s History Sourcebook: Rome
© Paul Halsall
Patria Potestas: The Law and the Reality for Women
Excerpted from the Women in the Ancient World.
The Women of the Caesars/Woman and marriage in Ancient Rome
by Guglielmo Ferrero. Translated by C. Gauss. From Wikisource
Marriage and Customs and Roman Women
Excerpted from Rome exposed, “the site geared toward the spreading of information on Roman Life throughout the Internet.’
Marriage in Ancient Rome
Excerpted from the Women in the Ancient World.
Marriage in Roman Law
Courtesy of Yale Law Journal.
Roman Weddings
Excerpted from UNRV.com.
A Roman Wedding.
“This site is a chronicle of our wedding, a resource for the student of Roman social history, and a guide for anyone seeking to create a Roman-themed wedding in real life or as a re-enactment.”
The Dowry in Ancient Rome
Excerpted from the Women in the Ancient World.
Divorce in Ancient Rome
Excerpted from the Women in the Ancient World.
Women in Ancient Rome
Excerpted from Women in the Ancient World.
Women’s Fashion in the Roman World
Excerpted from What the Sirens sang…
The Children of the Roman Empire.
Excerpted from What the Sirens sang…
De Medicina (On Medicine) by A. Cornelius Celsus
published in the Loeb Classical Library, 1935 . Courtesy of Bill Thayer of LacusCurtius.
Ancient Medicine/ Medicina Antiqua
“Medicina Antiqua is hosted by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL. It is devoted to the study of medicine in the Graeco-Roman world. It is intended to be a useful scholarly introduction and resource. It does this primarily either by including existing resources or linking to other web resources.”
Etruscan and Roman Medicine
“Pliny, in his Natural History, says that the first doctor (medicus) to come to Rome was Arcagathus, who arrived from the Greek Peloponnese in 219 BCE and was well received. Arcagathus was accorded the rights of citizenship and a medical shop was set up at state expense for his use. Prior to this time, Rome had no physicians and only home remedies were used.” Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library
Roman Medicine
“Ancient Roman medicine was a combination of some limited scientific knowledge, and a deeply rooted religious and mythological system.” Courtesy of UNRV history.
Ancient Roman Medicine
“Ancient Roman medicine was in many ways a development of what they learned from the Greeks and then applied in exasperated situations such as continuous war or gladiatorial shows. The wealth of Rome was such that it created medical situations and needs which required the best techniques and knowledge of the time: the wealth of the rich created a demand for cosmetic surgery.” Courtesy of mariamilani.com.
The Doctor in Roman Society
“As a profession, medicine was more highly regarded in Greece than in Rome, however physicians were basically craftsmen, probably enjoying some esteem among their customers, but not being part of the socio-political elite.” Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library
Medicine and Surgery in Ancient Rome
“Early Romans had a religious, yet fundamental understanding of medicine. Deriving knowledge from the Medical Treatises and Methods of the Greeks, the Etruscans, the Egyptians, the Persians and other conquered peoples, the Romans came up with one of the best and most sophisticated Medical Systems of the Ancient World. The science of medicine and the human body was evolving.”
Galen
“If the work of Hippocrates can be taken as representing the foundation of Greek medicine, then the work of Galen, who lived six centuries later, is the apex of that tradition. Galen crystallised all the best work of the Greek medical schools which had preceded his own time. It is essentially in the form of Galenism that Greek medicine was transmitted to the Renaissance scholars.” Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library
Women in Medicine
“Agnodice is a figure oft mentioned in the histories of the medical profession; but her story is largely unfamiliar to Classicists. She is credited with achieving a role, that of physician, forbidden to her by law. However, it is highly unlikely that she was an historical figure in third century Athens; instead she belongs to the realm of myth and folk tale. The only source for her tale is Hyginus, a Latin author of the first century CE.” Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library.
Ancient Gynecology
“In ancient Greek society, male dominance extended even to childbirth. Greek medicine cast man as the bringer of sanity and health to biologically defective, subservient woman through intercourse, which was believed to relieve the buildup of menstrual blood around the heart. Men also received full credit for conception, since the womb was seen mainly as a receptacle for sperm. Abortion, if not condoned in the Hippocratic Oath, was permitted under Greek law, and infanticide, particularly of female newborns, was widely practiced.” Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library
Chirurgia
Article by William Alexander Greenhill, M.D., Trinity College, Oxford
on pp272‑275 of William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D.: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875. Courtesy of Bill Thayer of LacusCurtius.
Surgery and Surgical Instruments
“Recovered surgical instruments used during the Roman Empire indicate that the art of surgery progressed and proliferated greatly during this time. Both Galen and Celsus emphasized the importance of surgery in the training of the conscientious physician, although they came from divergent medical traditions (Celsus, prooemium VII; Galen, II, 272” Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library.
Surgical Instruments from Ancient Rome:A Display of Surgical Instruments from Antiquity
Courtesy of the University of Virginia Health Science Library.
Ancient Roman Surgical Instruments
Courtesy of the University of Virginia.
Aconite Poisoning
Excerpted from SPQR: Encylopaedia Romana. © Copyright James Grout
1997-2013
Roman Slavery: The Social, Cultural, Political and Demographic Consequences
By Moya K. Mason
Ancient History Sourcebook: Slavery in the Roman Republic
From William Stearns Davis ed., Readings in Ancient History: Illustrative Extracts from the Sources, 2 Vols (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1912-13) Vol. II: Rome and the West, pp. 90-97.
Dogs in Ancient Greece and Rome
Excerpted from SPQR: Encylopaedia Romana. © Copyright James Grout
1997-2013
The Dog in Roman Peasant Life
By Kyle deSandes-Moyer. Courtesy of University of Pennsylvannia ScholarlyCommons.
Polybius on Roman Funerals ( History , 6. 53-54)
Excerpted from VROma, Barbara F. McManus co-director.
Funus
William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D.: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875. Courtesy of Bill Thayer of LacusCurtius. copyright © William P. Thayer 2002.
Cremation in a Roman Port town
“Welcome to Cremation in a Roman Port Town, a virtual exhibit by Erik Zempel, Michael Grabinski, and Gregory Westbrook.”
Roman Tombs
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner explores sepulchral architecture in Rome commissioned by the emperor, aristocrats, successful professionals, and former slaves during the age of Augustus.” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.
Arena: Gladiatorial Games
Belorusssin Translation, by Bohdan Zograf. Courtesy of VRoma.
Murderous Games: Gladitorial Contests in Ancient Rome
“Keith Hopkins shows that gladiatorial shows in Ancient Rome turned war into a game, preserved an atmosphere of violence in time of peace, and functioned as a political theatre which allowed confrontation between rulers and ruled.” Published in History Today Volume: 33 Issue: 6 1983.
Gladiatrix
“When London was a distant outpost of the Roman Empire 1,900 years ago, the favorite local pastime was watching slaves pair off in an arena to kill each other. Artifacts found in an ancient grave site suggest that one of the heroes of the ring was a woman”.
The Roman Gladiator
Excerpted from SPQR: Encylopaedia Romana. © Copyright James Grout
1997-2010
Gladiator
Excerpted from Wikipedia.
List of Roman Gladiator Types
Excerpted from Wikipedia.
Roman Games: Playing with Animals
Thematic Essay excerpted from the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
How Climate Change and Plague helped bring down the Roma Empire:We can learn crucial lessons by examining the natural forces that shaped Rome’s rise and fall.
By Kyle Harper. Courtesy of Smithsonian.com
Lead and the Fall of Rome: A Bibliography
“Since the nineteenth century, there have been sporadic suggestions that the large-scale use of lead in antiquity contributed to the fall of Rome through heavy-metal poisoning.A request to the always-generous members of LT-ANTIQ for bibliography on this question produced the following results. Enjoy!” Compiled by Steve Muhlberger, Department of History, Nipissing University, from contributions to the list LT-ANTIQ.
Worlds of Late Antiquity (O’Donnell)
This is a home page for miscellaneous materials relating to the culture of the Mediterranean world in late antiquity (roughly 200-700 C.E.). Some of it is organized for the benefit of instruction and there will be from time to time links of interest principally to my students, but there are also substantial materials of general interest. This page prepared and maintained by James J. O’Donnell.
Late Antiquity in the Mediterranean : A Guide to Online Resources.
Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies Online Encyclopedia, Section Editor: Steven Muhlberger, Associate Professor of History, Nipissing University. This file may be copied on the condition that the entire contents, including the header and this copyright notice, remain intact.
A Visual Tour through Late Antiquity: With an emphasis on Gaul and the time of Gregory of Tours
Compiled by Steve Muhlberger.
