Mesopotamia
Ancient History Sourcebook: The Story of King Vahahran & his Queen, c. 300 CE
From: Edward B. Pollard, Oriental Women (Philadelphia: Rittenhouse Press, 1908), pp. 193-194 Scanned by: J. S. Arkenberg, Dept. of History, Cal. State Fullerton. Prof. Arkenberg has modernized the text. Courtesy of the Ancient History Sourcebook.
Mesopotamia – in ancient sources @ attalus.org
This page © Andrew Smith, 2010.
Arsaces – in ancient sources @ attalus.org
This page © Andrew Smith, 2010.
Parthia.com
“The Parthian Empire is a fascinating period of Persian history closely connected to Greece and Rome. Ruling from 247 B.C. to A.D. 228 in ancient Persia (Iran), the Parthians defeated Alexander the Great’s successors, the Seleucids, conquered most of the Middle East and southwest Asia, and built Parthia into an Eastern superpower. The Parthian empire revived the greatness of the Achaemenid empire and counterbalanced Rome’s hegemony in the West. Parthia at one time occupied areas now in Iran, Iraq,Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaidzhan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel.”
The Parthian period (ca.129 BC-224 AD)
Excerpted from Iraq4ever.
Parthia (1)
Article by Jona Lendering ©.
Parthia (2)
Article by Jona Lendering © on the Parthian Empire.
Parthian Empire
by Jona Lendering. Courtesy of the Iran Chamber society.
Parthian kings
Article by Jona Lendering ©.
A Roman description of the Parthians or later Persians from Justin’s History of the World
Courtesy of Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies at the School of Oriental & African Studies (SOAS), University of London.
The Parthians in Augustan Rome
By Charles Brian Rose. Courtesy of American Journal of Archaeology.
Parthian Army
Military forces of the Parthian Empire. Courtesy of Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies at the School of Oriental & African Studies (SOAS), University of London.
History of Iran: Parthian Army
By: Professor A. Sh. Shahbazi. Courtesy of the Iran Chamber society.
Parthian Horses – Parthian Archers: A Real Short History
By: Beverley Burris-Davis. Courtesy of Parthia.com
Who was who in the Roman Empire: Parthia
Rome and Parthia at War
By Invictus. Excerpted from All Empires Online History Community.
Rome and Parthia:Power Politics and Diplomacy Across Cultural Frontiers
By Dr R. James Ferguson. Research Paper No. 12, December 2005, Copyright © R. James Ferguson
Crassus and Parthia
Excerpted from UNRV History- Roman Empire.
The Parthian invasion of Syria 51-50 B.C.
Excerpted from PersianEmpire.info.
Parthian Wars Timeline.
Courtesy of RedRampant.com.
Parthian Empire (247 B.C.-224 A.D.)
Thematic Essay from the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Roman Mesopatamia-AD 115-117- From Trajan to Hadrian
Courtesy of GlobalSecurity.org.
The Art of Parthians
By: Edith Porada. Excerpted from The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies.
Ancient Coins of Parthia
Excerpted from Digital Historia Numerorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics
Parthian Empire
Coinage of the Parthian Empire. Courtesy of the coins and history of asia.
Coins of the Parthians
Excerpted from Forum Ancient Coins.
Sassanid Empire
Courtesy of the Iran Chamber society.
The Sasanian period (224-637 AD)
Excerpted from Iraq4ever.
Sasanians
Article by Jona Lendering ©.
An Introduction to the Sasanian Dynasty
Courtesy of CAIS The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies.
Rome and the Sassanid Empire: Confrontation and Coexistence
By Jan Willem Drijvers. Courtesy of Academia.edu
Roman Frontiers and Foreign Policy in the East
By Geoffrey Greatrex. Courtesy of academia.edu
The Near East in Late Antiquity: The Sasanian Empire
“The Sasanian Empire Project is one of the first ECAI electronic publication projects. The primary focus of the project is The Sasanian Seals Collection of Edward Gans currently housed at the Near Eastern Studies Department, University of California, Berkeley. Copyright © Guitty Azarpay, Jeanette Zerneke, and the Regents of U.C.”
Sasanika- A History Reference Site for the Sassanian Empire
“One of the most remarkable empires of the first millennium CE was that of the Sasanian Empire. Emanating from southern Iran’s Persis region in the third century CE, the Sasanian domain eventually encompassed not only modern day Iran and Iraq, but also the greater part of Central Asia, the Caucasus, including at times the regions corresponding to present-day Syria, Turkey, and Egypt. This geographically diverse empire brought together a striking array of ethnicities and religious practices. Arameans, Arabs, Armenians, Persians, Romans, and Goths, as well as a host of other peoples, all lived and labored under Sasanian rule. The Sasanians established a relatively tolerant imperial system, creating a vibrant communal life among their Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian citizens.”
Maps of the Sasanian Empire
Excerpted from The Near East in Late Antiquity: The Sasanian Empire
Historical Geography of Fars during the Sasanian Period
By Negin Miri. Excerpted from Sasanika- A History Reference Site for the Sassanian Empire
TimeMap Interactive Map
Excerpted from The Near East in Late Antiquity: The Sasanian Empire
Sasanian Kings
Article by Jona Lendering ©.
Res Gestae Divi Saporis and Dura
By Michael I. Rostovtzeff, Berytus Archaeological Studies Volume 8, Fac. II 1943, American University of Beirut.
Ancient History Sourcebook:The Karnamik-I-Ardashir, or The Records of Ardashir
From: Charles F. Horne, ed.,The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, (New York: Parke, Austin, & Lipscomb, 1917), Vol. VII: Ancient Persia, pp. 225-253. Courtesy of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.
Ardashir Palace Photo Gallery by Ali Majdfar at pbase.com
By Ali Majdfar at pbase.com
Emperor Ardeshir and the cycle of history
By: Dr. Richard Frye. Courtesy of the Iran Chamber society.
An Overview of the Sassanian Persian Military by Chris Cornuelle ©1996
This paper originally appeared in a 1996 issue of Spearpoint, and will appear in a 1997 issue of Slingshot. “In this article I will take a fresh look at topics of interest to wargamers, namely command and control, the famous cavalry, the hiddeninfantry, and various allies and vassals.”
Sassanian Army
Military forces of the Sassanian Empire. Courtesy of Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies at the School of Oriental & African Studies (SOAS), University of London.
The Sasanians (247 B.C.-224 A.D.)
Thematic Essay from the Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Parthian and Sassanian Mints
Copyright © 1998-2014 The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS).
Sasanian Mints
Excerpted from Forum Ancient Coins.
Ancient Coins of Mesopatamia
Excerpted from Digital Historia Numerorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics
The Essential Characteristics of Parthian and Sasanian Glyptic Art
By Neilson C. Debevoise. Copyright © 1998-2014 The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies (CAIS)
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