Rome Project

Italia
Brief history of the province excerpted from UNRV History- Roman Empire.

Italy – in ancient sources @ attalus.org
This page © Andrew Smith, 2010.

Who was who in Roman Times: Italy

Learning to read Rome’s ruins, A history of the exploration of Rome, UNC Exposition

Rome
“As the saying goes, Rome was not built in a day; nor will this site on Rome be. You can, however, expect frequent additions here: something big, like a book, every two or three months; individual pages almost every day” .Courtesy of LacusCurtius. Text, maps, and black-and-white images are in the public domain. Color photos are © William P. Thayer.

Digital Augustan Rome
by David Gilman Romano is a long term mapping project that is prepared to provide a worthy digital successor to the published book and maps of Mapping Augustan Rome that appeared as Supplement 50 in the Journal of Roman Archaeology Series, 2002. The volume was directed by Lothar Haselberger in collaboration with David Gilman Romano and edited by Elisha Dumser. The entries were written by over 12 authors.

Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures
by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. – Loyola Marymount University. Copyright © 1994-2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Pictures of History – Ancient Rome
Courtesy of John Hauser.

Virtual Roma
“the first website dedicated to the city’s á LESS FAMOUS ásites, monuments, legends and cultural aspects.”

Vedute Di Roma
“On these pages I will present images of Rome, chosen purely subjectively. I have been only three times to Rome and only buildings and views that I have personally seen and felt as interesting will be included. Images include newer photographs and 18th and 19th century drawings and engravings. I have scanned color photographs from color slides and edited them with Corel PhotoPaint. A full-screen image is also available for most of the drawings and few photographs. Color photographs are my own if not otherwise mentioned. This english version doesn’t have textual intoductions.”

Roma Urbs
Clicable map of ancient Rome that links to photographs of Roman ruins. Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Plan of Rome
“The plaster model represents the state of knowledge concerning ancient Rome at one particular moment;. The utilisation of computer resources allows the creation of a virtual model that evolves and takes ontinuing account of advances in archaeological, historical and literary knowledge. Thus, beyond the faithful reproduction of the work of Paul Bigot, one will be able to re-create Rome at different chronological stages and capture the phases of construction, the evolution of the urban fabric, etc.”

Rome Reborn 1.0
Computer generated reconstructions of ancient Rome. Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities at the University of Virginia.

Reconstruction of Roman Forum
Courtesy of Wikimedia.

Eamus VRoma!
“Click on the map (of Rome) to see the available sites and their resources in each region of VRoma.§”

Forum Romanum: A Project of VRoma
“The Forum Romanum is an on-line resource project funded by the VRoma NEH grant aimed at creating an on-line community that collects and makes available materials related to the Roman Forum. This web site contains a clickable map and text links that will carry visitors to information about major structures of the Roman Forum. Each page contains a description of the structure, its function and an image. Links to related stories, more images and maps, textbook connections, literary references, famous characters, and relevant web sites are included.”

EOS:Electronic Open Stacks
Samual Ball Platner A Topograhpical Dictionary of Ancient Rome London :Oxford University Press,1929

Temple of Portunus.
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Roman Forum-Its History and Its Monuments by Christian Hülsen
Courtesy of LacusCurtius. Text, maps, and black-and-white images are in the public domain. Color photos are © William P. Thayer.

Reconstruction of Roman Forum
Courtesy of StudyBlue

The Roman Forum
Reconstructions and map of the Roman Forum.

Forum Romanum
Clicable map of the Forum Romanum that links to computer generated reconstructions. Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Roman Forum & The Arch of Titus
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. – Loyola Marymount University. Copyright © 1994–2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Tullianum
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Regia
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Temple of Concord
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Lacus Curtius
Lacus Curtius (‘lake of Curtius’): small pool on the Roman Forum, venerated by the Romans, even when they did no longer remember why it was a holy place.Excerpted from Livius: Articles on Ancient History. By Jona Lendering ©

Lacus Curtius
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Lapis Niger and Vulcanal
Archaic monument and altar in the Comitium. Copyright © 1999-2009 René Seindal.

Tabularium
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Temple of Saturn
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Basilica Aemilia on the Forum Romanum at Rome
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

Basilica Aemilia 
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Basilica Julia on the Forum Romanum at Rome
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

Basilica Julia
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Curia Julia
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

Curia Julia.
Curia Julia: the building of the Roman Senate, where the emperors and the senators met to discuss important affairs. article by Jona Lendering* ©

Curia Julia: The Roman Senate House
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Rostra
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Theater of Pompey
Courtesy of the Pompey Project.

Ancient Rome: The Theater of Pompey
Courtesy of YouTube.

Theater of Pompey
Reconstructions of the Theater of Pompey. Courtesy of Maquettes Historiques.

Theatrum Pompei
Article on pp515‑517 of Samuel Ball Platner (as completed and revised by Thomas Ashby): A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome,
London: Oxford University Press, 1929.

Arch of Augustus
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Horologium of Augustus
Excerpted from Livius.org Articles on Ancient History. All content copyright © 1995–2017 Livius.org. All rights reserved.

Horologium of Augustus
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Ara Pacis Augustæa Pacis
Courtesy of LacusCurtius.

The Ara Pacis Augustæa
© 2006 Mary Ann Sullivan

Ara Pacis
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Ara Pacis Augustæa
Courtesy of Rome Across Europe

Temple of the Divine Julius
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Forum of Augustus
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Mausoleum of Augustus
Excerpted from Livius.org Articles on Ancient History. All content copyright © 1995–2017 Livius.org. All rights reserved.

Mausoleum of Augustus
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Interactive History of the Mausoleum of Augustus
History of the Mausoleum and the reconstruction project

The Statue of Augustus of Prima Portara Pacis
“This website gives an introduction to the statue of Augustus at Prima Porta. It includes detailed descriptions, historical context and modern interpretations of the statue in light of Roman and Augustan culture.

Capitolium.org.
“Capitolium.org, an official source of live information on the archaeological site of the Imperial Forums. Day by day, on-line visitors can follow the development of the work which is being carried out by top-level scholars of Roman antiquity”.

Augustus Assembles Rome
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner discusses the transformation of Rome by its first emperor, Augustus, who claimed to have found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble. The conversion was made possible by the exploitation of new marble quarries at Luna (modern Carrara) on the northwest coast of Italy. The lecture surveys the end of the Roman Republic and the inauguration of the Principate and analyzes the Forum of Julius Caesar and the Forum of Augustus.” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.

Temple of Apollo Sosianus
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Arch of Tiberius
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Golden House of an Emperor: How archaeologists are saving Nero’s fabled pleasure palace
By Federico Gurone. Courtesy of Archaeology Magazine 2015.

Nero and his Achitectural Legacy
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner features the architecture of Augustus’ successors, the Julio-Claudian emperors, whose dynasty lasted half a century (A.D. 14-68).” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.

The Roman Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures. Copyright © 1994–2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

The Colosseum
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Colosseum: Emblem of Rome
Courtesy of BBC History

Amphitheatrum Flavium
Excerpted from Samuel Ball Platner (as completed and revised by Thomas Ashby): A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press, 1929. copyright © William P. Thayer.

The Colosseum and Contemporary Architecture in Rome
By Diana E E Kleiner. Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.

The Arch of Titus and reliefs, Via Sacra
Copyright © Mary Ann Sullivan.

Arcus Titi
Excerpted from Samuel Ball Platner (as completed and revised by Thomas Ashby): A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press, 1929. copyright © William P. Thayer.

Temple of Vespasian
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner investigates the major architectural commissions of the emperor Domitian, the last Flavian emperor. She begins with the Arch of Titus, erected after Titus’ death by his brother Domitian on land previously occupied by Nero’s Domus Transitoria.” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.

Painting Palaces and Villas in the First Century A.D.
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner discusses the development of Third Style Roman wall painting in late first century B.C” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.

House of the Vestals
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Imperial Fora
Clicable map of the Imperial Fora that links to maps, photographs and reconstructions. Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Forum of Nerva
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Trajan’s Column, the Imperial Fora and Four Relief Maps of Roman Expansion
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. – Loyola Marymount University. Copyright © 1994–2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Forum of Trajan.
“A virtual reality model created in 1996-1997 by the Urban Simulation Team of the Forum of Trajan, the largest of the Imperial Fora in the Forum Romanum, was commissioned for ‘Beyond Beauty: Antiquities as Evidence’, one of the major opening exhibitions at the Getty Center in Los Angeles”.

The Forum of Trajan.
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Trajan’s Column:A Record of the Dacian Campaign and a Monument to Logistics.
Thirty-eight very good photos courtesy of LacusCurtius

The McMaster Trajan Project, 1999.
“This is a site for exploring the Column of Trajan as a sculptural monument. The core of the site is a searchable database of over 500 images focusing on various aspects of the design and execution of the column’s sculptural decoration. These images (slides and drawings) were generated by and for sculptor Peter Rockwell, over the course of his study of Roman stone-carving practices. The aim of this site is to make these images available to the widest possible public, in a form that can contribute both to ongoing study by specialists and to enjoyment and appreciation of the monument by the general public.”

Trajan’s Column in Rome: The history, archaeology and iconography of the monument
Comprehensive overview of the monument including The First and Second Dacian War Scene-by-Scene: Complete photographic documentation with commentary of the scenes from the lower and upper half of the Column, including an introduction to the spiral reliefs and their precedents.

A Description of the Trajan Column by John Hungerford Pollen and Forum of Trajan: printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, printers to Queen Victoria. London, 1874
Text and engravings are in the public domain. Any color photographs are © William P. Thayer 1997. Courtesy of LacusCurtius.

Trajan’s Column
“This is a website dedicated to Trajan’s Column in Rome (inaugurated in AD 113) and based on Jon Coulston’s photographic archive….The first stage is a searchable image database of the helical frieze of the Column shaft. As the site expands it will encompass the reliefs of the Column pedestal and the buildings of the wider monumental complex. It will present interpretative essays, bibliographies and links to other monuments and resources. It also introduces numbering systems for the 2,662 human figures on the frieze and the 542 items of barbarian equipment on the pedestal.” Courtesy of University of St. Andrews.

Trajan’s Column
Courtesy of Wikipedia

Reading an Ancient Comic Strip: Interactive Graphic of Trajan’s column.
Courtesy of National Geographic Magazine.

A War Diary Soars over Rome
By Andrew Curry. “The story of Emperor Trajan’s victory over a mighty barbarian empire isn’t just one for the books. It’s also told in 155 scenes carved in a spiral frieze on a monumental column.”. Courtesy of National Geographic Magazine.

The Basilica Ulpia on the Forum Trajani at Rome
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

Trajan’s Market
Excerpted from an Illustrated History of the Roman empire.

Forum and Markets of Trajan
Courtesy of the Khan Academy

Temple of Peace
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Templum Pacis
Excerpted from Samuel Ball Platner (as completed and revised by Thomas Ashby): A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press, 1929. copyright © William P. Thayer.

Civic Architecture in Rome under Trajan
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner analyzes the major public architectural commissions of the emperor Trajan in Rome. Distinguished by their remarkably ambitious scale, these buildings mimic Trajan’s expansion of the Roman Empire to its furthest reaches.” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.

Temple of Venus and Rome
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Porticus Deorum Consentium
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Digital Hadrian’s Villa Project: State vs. Reconstruction
IDIA Lab has designed a virtual simulation of the villa of the Roman Emperor Hadrian, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site located outside of Rome in Tivoli, Italy.  Couresy of YouTube.

Mausoleum of Hadrian
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Mausoleum Hadriani
Excerpted from Samuel Ball Platner (as completed and revised by Thomas Ashby): A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press, 1929. copyright © William P. Thayer.

Pantheon
Excerpted from Samuel Ball Platner (as completed and revised by Thomas Ashby): A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press, 1929. copyright © William P. Thayer.

The Pantheon: The Triumph of Roman Concrete.
Articles and Research by David Moore, P. E.

Pantheon
Excerpted from Livius.org Articles on Ancient History. All content copyright © 1995–2017 Livius.org. All rights reserved.

Hadrian’s Pantheon and Tivoli Retreat
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner features the architecture built in and around Rome during the reign of Hadrian” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.

Hadrian’s Villa
Luxurious imperial villa from the first century CE  .
Copyright © 1999-2009 René Seindal.

Temple of Antonia and Faustina
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Base of the column of Antoninus Pius, Vatican Museum
Copyright © Mary Ann Sullivan.

Decennalia Base
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Column of Marcus Aurelius
By Mark Cartwright. Courtesy of Ancient History Encyclopedia.

Column of Marcus Aurelius
Excerpted from Livius.org Articles on Ancient History. All content copyright © 1995–2017 Livius.org. All rights reserved.

The Arch of Septimius Severus
Triumphal arch celebrating Septimius Severus’s  victory of Constantine I over the Parthians.
Copyright © 1999-2009 René Seindal.

Arch of Septimius Severus.
Excerpted from Rome Reborn.

The Arch of Septimius Severus, Rome
By Mark Cartwright. Excerpted from the Ancient History Encylopedia.

The Arch of Septimius Severus
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Arcus Septimii Severi
Article on pp.43-44 of Samuel Ball Platner (as completed and revised by Thomas Ashby): A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome,London: Oxford University Press, 1929.

Arch of the Bankers
Excerpted from Livius.org Articles on Ancient History. All content copyright © 1995–2017 Livius.org. All rights reserved.

Temple of Vesta
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Baths of Caracalla.
Jona Lendering for Livius.Org, 2004 Revision: 8 August 2010

Baths of Caracalla
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Baths of Caracalla
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner discusses the increasing size of Roman architecture in the second and third centuries A.D. as an example of a “bigger is better” philosophy” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.

Lacus Juturnae
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Baths of Diocletian
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Rome of Constantine and a New Rome
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner presents the architecture of Constantine the Great, the last pagan and first Christia.”

Temple of Romulus
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine: A Building for Every Need.
Courtesy of Rome Across Europe.

Basilica of Constantine
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

The Arch of Constantine
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. – Loyola Marymount University. Copyright © 1994–2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

The Arch of Constantine
Triumphal arch celebrating the victory of Constantine I over Maxentius, 312 CE
Copyright © 1999-2009 René Seindal.

Arch of Janus Quadrifons
Excerpted from Livius.org Articles on Ancient History. All content copyright © 1995–2017 Livius.org. All rights reserved.

The Column of Phocas
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.

Janiculum Mills Excavations: Roman water-mills on the Janiculum Hill, Rome.
“At the invitation of the American Academy in Rome, and with the kind permission of the Soprintendenza Archeologica di Roma, a 5-week excavation season was undertaken in June and July 1998 to investigate the Aqua Traiana and a large Roman water-mill complex in the Academy’s parking lot, on the Janiculum Hill in Rom.” Courtesy of Dr Andrew Wilson

Historia de los Obeliscos Egypicos
A guide to 13 Egyptian obelisks in Rome with photographs and text. By Carlos Lunghi Jr. In Italian

The Palatine Hill & Other Sites around Rome
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. – Loyola Marymount University. Copyright © 1994–2001 by Felix Just, S. J.

Statues and Temples of Asclepius, the Ancient Roman Healing God
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. – Loyola Marymount University. Copyright © 1994–2001 by Felix Just, S. J.

The Digital Forma Urbis Romae Project
Recent improvements in laser rangefinder technology, together with algorithms developed at Stanford for combining multiple range and color images, allow us to accurately digitize the shape and color of physical objects. As an application of this technology, a team of 30 faculty, staff, and students from Stanford University and the University of Washington spent the 1998-99 academic year in Italy scanning the sculptures and architecture of Michelangelo. During our year abroad, we also became involved in several other 3D scanning projects. One of these was the digitization of the Forma Urbis Romae, a giant map of ancient Rome carved onto marble slabs circa 200 A.D.

A Case Study in Late Antiquity by a Master Topographer of Early Christian Rome
A Web-enhanced edition of Pagan and Christian Rome by Rodolfo Lanciani Boston and New York, 1892. Text, maps and black & white illustrations are in the public domain. Any color photos are © William P. Thayer. Courtesy of LacusCurtius.

Obelisks of Rome
Excerpted from Rome in the footsteps of a XVIIIth century traveller.

Aquae Urbis Romae: The Waters of the City of Rome
“An interactive cartographic history of the relationship between hydrological and hydraulic systems and their impact on the urban development of Rome, Italy from 753 BC to the present day. Aquae Urbis Romae examines the intersection between natural hydraulic elements such as springs, rain, streams, marshes, and the Tiber Riber, and tectonic hydraulic elements such as aqueducts, fountain,sewers, bridges, conduits, etc.” Published by the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities, University of Virginia. Copyright 1998-2001.

Italy
Reconstructions of Roman sites in Italyl by Jean-Claude Golvin

The Tiber Valley Project
“The aim of the Tiber Valley project, which was launched at the BSR in spring 1997, is to reconstruct the landscape of the river valley through two millennia. It is investigating the impact of the growth, success and decline of Rome on its hinterland and the changing effects of the city and river on settlement and economy and cultural identity from 1000 BC to AD 1300. The long tradition of landscape archaeology by British scholars has resulted in the accumulation of a vast amount of information for our understanding of settlement and economy in the river valley. New fieldwork projects have now been developed by a series of teams and individual scholars to form part of the overall Tiber Valley project.”

Roman Towns in the Tiber Valley
“This project is analysing the full range of urban settlements in the middle and lower Tiber valley of central Italy, ranging from the larger privileged centres down to the smaller agglomerations and roadside sites. This area has long been of interest to British archaeologists, not least during the 1950s and 1960s when John Ward Perkins, the then Director of the British School at Rome undertook his South Etruria Survey. The rationale of our project stems from our growing recognition of the need for systematically collected data for the study of Roman urbanism. It also forms part of the broader Tiber Valley Project of the British School at Rome, under the direction of Dr. Helen Patterson” By Simon Keay and Martin Millett

The Roman Peasant Project
“The Roman Peasant Project seeks to uncover the lived experience of the peasantry in the Roman Period: their diet, economic activities, and social networks. ”

Forum Novum – Vescovio
“The Roman town and early medieval bishopric of Forum Novum lies in the Sabine hills at the head of a broad river valley which leads into the Tiber.” Research project carried out by the British school at Rome.

The Archaeological Museum of Bologna

Pompeian Households: An On-line Companion
By Penelope M. Allison. “This site hosts materials to accompany Penelope M. Allison, Pompeian Households: An Analysis of the Material Culture (Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, Monograph 42). It includes detailed documentary information on 30 Pompeian houses and their contents, consisting of 865 rooms and more than 16,000 artifacts.”.

AD 79: Destruction and Re-discovery
Meta index of sites about Pompeii

Pompeii Live from the British Museum
The British Museum uses an eyewitness account of the event alongside archaeological evidence to piece together the stages of the eruption and the destruction of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

Pompeii Forum Project, University of Virginia
The Pompeii Forum Project is a collaborative venture that focuses on the urban center of Pompeii.The forum at any Roman town was the urban center housing the town’s main religious, civic, and commercial institutions.) There are three components to the project: documentation of standing remains;archaeological analysis; and urban study that seeks a) to interpret the developments at Pompeii in the broader context of urban history and b) to identify at Pompeii recurring patterns of urban evolution that can be applied to contemporary issues in American urbanism.

Viewing Pompeii Visual Resources for the Pompeii Forum Project
Prepared by the Digital Media Lab, University of Virginia.

Patterns of Reconstruction at Pompeii
“This document presents the results of an investigation into the reconstruction of a large market building on the Pompeii Forum following and earthquake in 62 AD, seventeen years prior to the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius that buried the city. The work is part of the Pompeii Forum Project, a multi-disciplinary study of the development of the Forum as the civic center of Pompeii. The study is approached from the perspective of a structural engineer, applying engineering principles to interpret the currently visible areas of damage and repair, plus information available from historic records. The study employs a variety of computer-based technologies in the inquiry, in particular digital photogrammetry to document the geometry and construction of key areas of the building, plus three dimensional modelling to depict the state of the building in various states of damage and repair.”

Conservation in the Shadow of Vesuvius: A Review of Best Practices
Summary of the Proceedings and Papers Presented at the Symposium. In English and Italian.

The Ionic Propylaeum in Pompeii: Some Preliminary Observations
By Carroll William Westfall. Using the Iconic Propylaeum as a focus of her presentation, the author explores the relationship between the individual building and the larger urban ensemble of which it is part.

Mansions In Pompeii: Ideal Measurements Of A Pre-Roman Model
Metrological analysis of ancient houses reveals the use of standard models that were ingeniously adapted to suit individual situations. ScienceDaily (Mar. 18, 2009).

In Vesuvius’ Shadow-Archaeology’s Interactive Dig
“Many people are surprised to learn that there are still archaeologists working in Pompeii, but the Anglo-American Project in Pompeii (AAPP) has been doing just that for many summers. We have been working in one city-block (Regio VI, insula 1), oddly shaped and tucked into the north-west corner of Pompeii. When the city was rediscovered, VI,1 was one of the first areas to be cleared, and it served as the first stop in late-eighteenth-century tours of the city. For tourists and scholars of this time, Pompeii offered a perfectly preserved snapshot of Roman daily life. Today, however, research questions have moved on. Although the Anglo-American Project is interested in the conditions of city life in A.D. 79, the year Vesuvius erupted, we are investigating below the destruction level to understand the whole history of activity and development in VI,1–from its fourth-century B.C. huts to its burial in the late first century A.D.”

PompeiiinPictures
“Pompeiiinpictures: A complete photographic plan of everything at ancient Pompeii as it is today, produced by Jackie and Bob Dunn for those as enthusiastic about Pompeii as we are.”

Pictures of History – Pompeii
Courtesy of John Hauser.

Ancient Pompeii: House of the Surgeon
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S. J. – Loyola Marymount University. Copyright © 1994–2001 by Felix Just,  S. J.

Interactive Dig Pompeii: The House of the Surgeon
InteractiveDig is produced by Archaeology Magazine © 2003 Archaeological Institute of America

Pompei Virtual Tour: A Christian Perspective
“It is my opinion that Pompeii is the most important archeological site anywhere. Almost every other ancient urban site is simply the remains of a ghost town, long ago deserted by its citizens who carried away with them everything of value. Prior to the eruption of Vesuvius, Pompeii was a thriving city. Then it was buried with so little warning in 79 A.D. that Pompeii was literally frozen in time.” Copyright © 2001 Michael S. Cole, M.D.

The BSR Pompeii Project
“Pompeii is simultaneously the best known and least adequately studied archaeological site in the Greco-Roman world. The BSR project aims to take a small slice of the city, a single block of houses or insula, excavated first half a century ago, yet never published, and to see what can be said about it now to cast light on the city, its history and its life. Its three main components are archival research into the original excavation of 1952-3, the artefacts then excavated, recording and analysis of the standing remains, and the excavation of levels below that sealed by the eruption of AD 79.

Pompeii Bibliography and Mapping Project
“Pompeiana.org is a site devoted to the consideration of all things about Pompeii. Currently and constantly in development, this website is designed to be an online repository for electronic resources on the ancient city. More than just collecting links to the archaeological research projects, regional museums, and teaching and visiting resources, Pompeiana.org is a place for original research by scholars in the fields of art, archaeology, architecture and classics.”

Conjectural Map of Pompeii
Excerpted from Bellum Catiline.

Pompeii Archaeological Research Project: Porta Stabia
“The ‘Pompeii Archaeological Research Project: Porta Stabia’ (PARP:PS) aims to uncover the structural and occupational history of the SE corner of Insula VIII.7, from its earliest origins through to CE 79. Through a series of selective excavations, structural analyses, and geophysical surveys, PARP:PS will produce a complete archaeological analysis and assessment of the shops, workshops, inns, and houses at VIII.7.1-15.”

The Swedish Pompeii Project
“The Swedish Pompeii Project started in 2000 as a fieldwork project initiated at the Swedish Institute in Rome. The aim was to record and analyse an entire Pompeian city-block, Insula V 1. In the recording process large quantities of data and photographs have been amassed and this is the forum we have chosen to share the collected information with those interested in the details of Pompeian houses. The presentation of each room with all its features constitutes a major part of this research platform, under the heading Documentation of Insula V 1.

The Basilica at Pompeii
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Curia of Pompeii
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

Pompeii: Portents of Disaster
By Professor Andrew Wallace-Hadrill. Courtesy of bbc.co.uk/history

Pompeii: Stories from an Eruption
Website associated with the Field Museum’s exhibit October 22, 2005 – March 26, 2006.

The Destruction of Pompeii, 79 AD
“An ancient voice reaches out from the past to tell us of the disaster. This voice belongs to Pliny the Younger whose letters describe his experience during the eruption while he was staying in the home of his Uncle, Pliny the Elder”

Ancient History Sourcebook: Inscriptions From Pompeii
“There are almost no literary remains from Antiquity possessing greater human interest than these inscriptions scratched on the walls of Pompeii (destroyed 79 A.D.). Their character is extremely varied, and they illustrate in a keen and vital way the life of a busy, luxurious, and, withal, tolerably typical, city of some 25,000 inhabitants in the days of the Flavian Caesars. Most of these inscriptions carry their own message with little need of a commentary. Perhaps those of the greatest importance are the ones relating to local politics. It is very evident that the so-called “monarchy” of the Emperors had not involved the destruction of political life, at least in the provincial towns.” From: William Stearns Davis, ed., Readings in Ancient History: Illustrative Extracts from the Sources, 2 Vols. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1912-13), Vol. II: Rome and the West, pp. 260-265

Houses and Villas of Pompeii
By Diana E E Kleiner.“Professor Kleiner discusses domestic architecture at Pompeii from its beginnings in the fourth and third centuries B.C. to the eruption of Vesuvius in A.D. 79.” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.”

Civic Life Interrupted: Nightmare and Destiny on August 24, A.D. 79
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner explores the civic, commercial, and religious buildings of Pompeii, an overview made possible only because of an historical happenstance–the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79, which buried the city at the height of its development.”

A Voyage into Catastrophe: Pompeii and the Roman navy
By Will Mather. Courtesy of the Australian National Maritime Museum.

Herculaneum
By Iain Dickson, ‘Melvadius Macrinus Cugerni’. Excerpted from the Illustrated History of the Roman Empire.

The History of Plumbing Pompeii & Herculaneum. Courtesy of Plumbing and Mechanical, July 1989

Herculaneum (at the foot of Mt. Vesuvius)
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. – Loyola Marymount University. Copyright © 1994–2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Habitats at Herculaneum and Early Roman Interior Decoration
By Diana E E Kleiner.“Professor Kleiner discusses domestic architecture at Herculaneum and the First and Second Styles of Roman wall painting. The lecture begins with an introduction to the history of the city of Herculaneum and what befell some of its inhabitants when they tried to escape obliteration by Vesuvius.” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.

Restoring Ancient Stabiae: RAS Foundation
“Restoring Ancient Stabiae is a nonprofit foundation (fondazione onlus) constituted in 2001 for the stated purpose of “the creation and management of the Archaeological Park of ancient Stabiae in the archaeological zone of Varano,” located in the modern cities of Castellammare di Stabia and Gragnano. Its charge also extends to “the care, promotion, and enhancement of the appreciation” of this archaeological area.”

Minturnae
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) William Smith, LLD, Ed. Courtesy of  the Perseus Digital Library

Beneventum
History of the city.

Arch of Trajan at Benvento.
Courtesy of the Art of Making in Antiquity: Stoneworking in the Roman World.

Arch of Trajan (Benevento)
Courtesy of Wikipedia

Gregorian Etruscan Museum
The Etruscan Museum was founded in 1837, during the pontificate of Gregorio XVI. It comprises nine rooms (sale) and presents artifacts excavated from Etruria (1828-1837) and Lazio: Sala I – Four sarcophagi, funeral stones and architectonic fragments, Sala II – Artifacts from the famous Regolini-Gallasso tomb in the Cerveteri necropolis, Sala III – Collections of bronze and gold artifacts, candelabria, rings; it includes the Mars of Todi statue, Sala IV – Terracotta artifacts and funeral urns, Sala Guglielmi – Artifacts excavated from the Vulci necropolis, Sale V-VIII – Collections of Greek, Etruscan and Italic pottery found in the Etruscan tombs, Sala dei Relievi Assiri – Reliefs and inscriptions with cuneiform characters refering to Assyrian kings from the 9th to 3rd centuries B.C.

The Tuscan Archaeological Service
Providing information on exhibitions, excavations, restorations, education, museums and library resources in Tuscany.

Lourve: Department of Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities
“The Department of Greek, Etruscan, and Roman Antiquities is home to a collection of artworks representing the Greek, Etruscan, and Roman civilizations; it illustrates the art of a vast area encompassing Greece, Italy, and the whole of the Mediterranean basin, and spans the period from Neolithic times (4th millennium BC) to the 6th century AD.”

Etruscan Phrases
By Mel Copland. Copyright © 1981-2016 Mel Copeland. All rights reserved. Use of the information on this page is expressly forbidden for purposes of publication in any media without the prior written consent of the author.

Liber Linteus: Mummified Lanaguage
By Lucille Martin. “Ancient artifacts are usually made of something durable, like stone, clay or preserved wood, to help them survive the centuries. One, however, is made of cloth, and is actually a book. The Liber Linteus Zagrabiensis (Latin for Linen Book of Zagreb) is the only book made of linen in existence. It is largely untranslated because it is written in the Etruscan language, which itself is largely unknown, and is the longest text of Etruscan.”. Courtesy of Parrot Time.

The Mysterious Etruscans.
“(Nearly the whole of Italy was once under Etruscan Rule – Cato 2nd Century BCE)”.

Etruscans :A History of the Etruscan people including their cities, art, society, rulers and contributions to civilization.
“By: Robert Guisepi. Excerpted from the International World History Project.

Etruscans
Courtesy of the History Files.

A Greek historian’s account of the behaviour of Etruscan women. Chios, 4th cent. B.C.
(Theopompus, Histories 115 FGrHist F204 =Athenaeus 517d-518a. G) Courtesy of Women’s Life in Greece & Rome by Mary R. Lefkowitz and Maureen B. Fant.

Etruscan pottery from the Albegna Valley/Ager Cosanus survey by Phil Perkins.
“This study presents some of the results of 18 years of research in the Albegna Valley/Ager Cosanus area, Tuscany, Italy. Thousands of artefacts have been collected and hundreds of sites recorded during this period by systematic field survey. The Albegna Valley/Ager Cosanus Survey was directed by Professor Andrea Carandini, now of the University of Rome, La Sapienza, and Professor Elisabeth Fentress, now of the American Academy at Rome. The project is a collaboration between scholars of many institutions in Italy, France and Britain and the first volume of the final report detailing and interpreting the sites located is now in press (Cambi et al, forthcoming).”

The Etruscans: A Population-Genetic Study
Am J Hum Genet. 2004 April; 74(4): 694–704. Published online 2004 March 10.

Ancient Etruscans are unlikely the ancestors of modern Tuscans, study finds
By Lisa Trei. Stanford Report, May 17, 2006

The Etruscan World
An overview of Etruscan civilization from the University of Pennsylvania museum

Etruscan Art
Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Etruscan
“The Etruscans were the first people in the Italic peninsula to learn to write. They adopted the Euboean Greek alphabet, and from them writing spread to other cultures of the Italic peninsula such as the Romans..” Courtesy of AncentScripts.com

Etruscan
Courtesy of Omniglot: the online enylopedia of writing systems and lanaguages

The Samnites
“Italy was born with them. They were the first ones to want equality and brothehood among the ancient Italics. They were a nation of tough, proud and strong people and in opposition to the Romans. ut they were alone…” A history of the Samnite people.

Samnites (Sabellians): Incorporating the Carracini, Caudini, & Pentri
Courtesy of the History Files.

The Roman Baths of Valesio: A Local Design in Late Antiquity. A different view
In this article, M. C. Kosian discusses Roman design, using these baths as an example. In the author’s opinion several orthogonal reconstructed design-schemes from the Roman period need to be reconsidered. She argues rectangular designs are far too complex for local workers, and not necessary for Roman demands.

Ostia Antica: Ancient Site Modern Passion
“Welcome to the official site of Ostia Antica.The Special Superintendence for Archaeological Heritage of Rome wishes you a good navigation.”

Ostia – Harbour of Ancient Rome.
“This is the main entry point for information about Ostia, the harbour of ancient Rome. Here you will find information, or links to information, for professional archaeologists and historians, for students of Roman archaeology and history, for interested laymen, and for tourists. The site is maintained by the Internet Group Ostia (IGO). This is a first, rough prototype.”

Ostia – The Synagogue.
Excerpted from Second Temple Synagogues by Donald D. Binder.

Ostia Antiqua, the Port of Rome
Excerpted from Ancient Rome: Images and Pictures photos by Prof. Felix Just, S.J. – Loyola Marymount University. Copyright © 1994–2001 by Felix Just, S.J.

Pictures of History – Ostia
Courtesy of John Hauser

Roman Life in Ostia, the Port of Rome
By Diana E E Kleiner. “Professor Kleiner focuses on Ostia, the port of Rome, characterized by its multi-storied residential buildings and its widespread use of brick-faced concrete.” Online lecture from Yale school of Art and Architecture.

The Portus Project
“Portus was the great maritime port of imperial Rome and nexus of the empire’s trading economy. Understanding Portus enables researchers to better understand how the empire operated; how it fed itself, traded within and beyond its borders and met the enormous economic demands of its huge citizenry.”. The Portus Project continues is research collaboration between the British School at Rome, the University of Southampton and the Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il MNR e l’Area Archeologica di Roma.

The Basilica at Cosa
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Basilica at Alba Fucens
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Basilica at Ardea
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Basilica at Ordona
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

The Basilica at Roselle
Excerpted from Vitruvius: De architectura Libri X.

Appian Way – Pictures of the Road and Buildings Along the Appian Way
From About.com:Ancient / Classical History

Osshe Historical and Cultural Atlas Resource: Europe Image Library
A collection of images of Roman architecture, art, and inscriptions.

Emona, Legacy of a Roman City
Overview article by Bernarda Županek, Curator for the Antique at Museum and Galleries of Ljubljana

Ctrl-Roman Town Historical Reconstruction: Colonia Iulia Emona
“Short 3D animated historical reconstruction of 1st century A.D. Roman town architecture and surrounding topography, based on archeological evidence and findings.” Courtesy of YouTube. Emona was a Roman civil town, built on the site of an old indigenous settlement on the territory of the present Ljubljan

The Roman Villa at Piazza Armerina, Sicily
“The ownership of this large (460′ x 330′) country estate in central Sicily has been debated. Once thought to be a retirement home of the Emperor Maximian, it is now suggested that the owner had connections with Africa. A mosaic depicting a personification of Africa and the long hallway mosaic depicting the capture and transport of exotic animals give credence to this speculation. It is also thought that the mosaic artisans were from North Africa. This unwalled estate has a complicated asymmetrical plan with rooms in a variety of shapes and with various changes of axis.” Copyright Mary ann Sullivan.

Roman Villa at Piazza Armerina, Sicily: A luxurious Roman villa from around 320 CE
“The Villa Romana del Casale is located about 5km outside the town of Piazza Armerina. It is the richest, largest and most complex collection of late Roman mosaics in the world. The Villa Romana del Casale is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.”

The Villa Romana del Casale of Piazza Armerina 
By Patrizio Pensabene and Enrico Gallochio. “The villa del casale, near Piazza Armerina in south-central Sicily, is arguably one of the best-preserved and best-known Roman villas, iconicof the villa form as it developed during the lateempire (4th and 5th centuries AD).”

Villa Romana del Casale
A luxurious Roman villa from around 320 CE
Copyright © 1999-2009 René Seindal.

Roman Painting: Frescoes From Campania
“Of the paintings which survive from the Roman classical world, many are frescoes from the area of Campania around Naples. Campania includes Pompeii, Herculaneum, and other towns whose buildings, paintings, and sculptures were preserved by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in AD 79.” All photos and text copyright © 1999 Michael D. Gunther.

Bessa Park: 2nd century B.C. Roman gold mine
“The Special Nature Reserve of Bessa is situated between 300 and 400 m, below the southern slopes of Mombarone (Biella Alps) in the province of Biella (Piedmont – Italy). It is 7.5 km2 wide and entirely occupied by signs of the roman mine dated 2nd century B.C. with traces of previous frequentation mostly represented by erratic engraved blocks.”

Who was who in Roman Times: Sardinia, Sciliy

Cerealia
“Our main goal is realized in the design, study and organization of events of “History Alive” or the reliable reconstruction of the Modus Vivendi of the ancient Romans.”

Gruppo Storico Romano
“The Gruppo Storico Romano is a cultural non-profit organization founded in 1994 by a passion for ancient Rome. A group of friends, all sharing the same interest, he decided to give the beginning of this adventure, and as the day of its establishment chose a symbolic date: April 21, the day of the foundation of the Eternal City.”In Italian and English.

De Bello Italica
“The De Bello Italica  project offers a comprehensive consulting service for the design and implementation of cultural heritage promotion events, with particular reference to archaeological heritage. Events combining research with the emotional engagement of the public, thanks to highly expressive communicative techniques, a dynamic and dynamic tool for investigation and discovery. Events that give the spectator a bridge between different ages.”

Civilta’ Romana
“In January 2010, a new associative project takes shape in Rome, in the form of a cultural association called ‘Civilization’ ROMAN ‘. Founded by the interest and passion for Roman history of its founding members, from different groups and prestigious historical re-enactment of ancient Rome, Civilization ‘ROMANA is a cultural reconstruction, a reenactment and experimental archeology, not-for- profit.” In Italian and English.

Danza Antica e Anthropologia Sociale Dell’Antichità.
“Nell’antica Roma soltanto i patrizi eseguivano le danze, ereditate dalla
tradizione etrusca e greca.” In Italian.

Gruppo Storic0 Publio Ello Adriano
“TL’Associazione Villa Adriana Nostra è stata fondata nell’anno 1991 con finalità prettamente sociali, culturali, di sviluppo e tutela di tutto il territorio locale; istituendosi come forza di gruppo per le problematiche dei predetti settori, facendosi portavoce verso le amministrazioni comunali e se necessario Provinciali e Regionali. “In Italian.

Associazione Storico Culturale Urbis: Legio II Traiana Fortis.
“Italian reenactment group from Civitavecchia – Roma (Lazio region), Italy. Their focus is on the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.” In Italian.

Vocis Imago Romae
“Vocis Imago Romae (V.I.R.) is a group, mainly composed of women, located in Parma, Italy, constituted in 2007. Through a scrupulous 1st century AD clothing and fittings reconstruction, the association wants to display the daily life during the Roman Empire” . In Italian and English.

Colonia Ivlia Fanestris
“Siamo un gruppo di lavoro accomunato dall’interesse nei confronti della storia e della civiltà romana che trovano nella nostra città ampi motivi di analisi, studio e riflessione, in forza delle origini storiche della Città e dell’importanza della stessa nella storia romana (basti pensare che Fanum Fortunae è chiaramente citata nel “De bello civili” di Giulio Cesare).” . In Italian and English.

Lvdi Scaenici:Show and Research on Music and Dance in Ancient Rome
“The group LVDI SCÆNICI was founded by Cristina Majnero and Roberto Stanco (curricula in italian language) who have been doing research on this subject for many years, collaborating with, among others, Dr. A. M. Liberati, director of the Museo della Civiltà Romana (Roman Civilisation Museum) in Rome. ” In Italian, French and English.

ADUI Touta Gallica – Gruppo di Rievocazione Storica.
“Gli Adui si propongono di ricostruire vita e morte, assetto politico e religioso e aspetto bellico di una tribù insubrica.” In Italian.

Aes Torkoi
“L’associazione culturale AES TORKOI di Trieste nasce da un gruppo di persone con la passione comune per la storia, l’archeologia sperimentale e la rievocazione storica.” In Italian.

Bibrax Associazione Culturale Celtica
“Associazione Culturale per lo studio e la divulgazione della cultura celtica.” In Italian.

Teuta Lingones Cinghiale Bianco
The mission is to “Disseminate and enhance the ancient and noble Celtic Cisalpine culture.”. In Italian.

Insubres
“Il progetto prevede la partecipazione a eventi legati alla storia e all’archeologia celtica. In particolare la ricostruzione di ambienti e momenti di vita sfruttando materiali e manufatti ricostruiti in base alla documentazione archeologica” In Italian.

Teuta Insubris
“L’associazione culturale Nemeton Ruis, si occupa di ogni aspetto riguardante la cultura gallica attraverso lo studio delle fonti letterarie ed archeoogiche,…” In Italian.

Associazione Culturale Okelum
“Il nostro scopo è quello di divulgare la storia e l’archeologia, in particolare il periodo celtico detto “II Età del Ferro”, tramite la ricostruzione il più possibile corretta ed esaustiva, della realtà Cisalpina, ed in particolare piemontese, antecedente l’arrivo del dominio di Roma.” In Italian.

Teuta Brig
“The purpose of the association is to raise awareness in its various aspects (material culture, language, art, religion and mythology …) the Celtic civilization of pre-Roman times, with particular attention to its manifestations in Italy.” In Italian, English, French and German.

Toutai Argantia
“Siamo un gruppo di appassionati che si occupa Living History, sperimentazione, studio e ricerca, della storia degli antichi popoli che hanno vissuto nella nostra penisola tra l’anno 1.000 a.C. e l’anno zero.” In Italian.

Sippe Ulfson: Iron Age Living History
“Our time-line is based on the intention to showcase: the Celtic tribe of Volcae from the III centuries BC the Germanic tribes between the II century BC and the II century AD, especially Cimbrians and Cherusci. The Celtiberian warriors who were part of Hannibal Barca’s army when we invided italian penisula in the 218 a.C.” In Italian and English.

Teuta Vertamocori
“L’Associazione culturale Teuta Vertamocori di Novara si occupa di riscoprire e divulgare la cultura degli antichi popoli che abitavano la nostra terra con lo studio, la ricostruzione di un accampamento storico, gli antichi mestieri, le attività quotidiane e la vita del guerriero del VI-I secolo a.C..” In Italian.

Teuta Senones Pisaurenses
“L’Associazione apolitica, apartitica e laica persegue la finalità di diffondere e riscoprire la cultura celtica tramite lo studio della storia e dell’archeologia…” In Italian.

Labarum Bagauda Teuta Laevi
Italian re-enactment group located in the Lombardy region focusing on the material and historical dimensions of Celtic life between the fourth through second centuries BC. In Italian.

Teuta Kenomanes Ambatii
“IIl gruppo ha come principale obiettivo la ricostruzione storica dei Galli Cenomani, il popolo celtico che risiedeva nel territorio veronese, il periodo storico scelto è compreso tra il II e il I secolo a.C., in piena romanizzazione dell’area padana.” In Italian.

Teuta Foionco
“Il Teuta Foionco é un gruppo di rievocazione storica che ricostruisce una comunità celtica della tribu’ dei Boii del V-IV secolo a.C. stanziata nella zona di Modena.” In Italian.

Teuta Nertobacos
“Il Teuta Nertobacos (in gallico “Tribù del Possente Cinghiale”) è un’associazione culturale che rievoca la vita di una tribù celtica. Nello specifico si puntano a ricostruire, per quanto le fonti lo permettano, i diversi aspetti della quotidianità del popolo che ha abitato l’area collinare bolognese di Monte Tamburino tra il 330 e il 250 a.C. circa.” In Italian.