Britannia
WWW.Roman-Britain.ORG
“Roman-Britain.ORG (RBO) is an Amateur Archaeological Web Site, built and maintained by Kevan White (alias Togodumnus, vide infra), a mainframe computer programmer living in the Heart of England. The heart of RBO is a collection of “clickable” maps of Roman Britain, based on the Southern Half of the Ordnance Survey Historical Map and Guide – Roman Britain, published by the O.S. (ISBN: 0-319-29027-1), the absolute sine qua non of the RBO WebSite.-“Please Note: this is a copy of the old roman-britain.org website saved from various archives. We have been slowly piecing them back together but unfortunately, until we complete the process some pages will not work.”
The Landings of Caesar in Britain, 55 and 54 BC, Athena Review, Vol.1, No.1
Pre-Invasion Roman Helmet find could rewrite History Books
Roman Britain Timeline
The Roman invasion and occupation of Britain. Courtesy of History on the Net.
Roman Britain:
Brief history of the province excerpted from UNRV History- Roman Empire.
Story of England: ROMANS AD 43-c. 410 AD
Excellent introduction to the subject, courtesy of English Heritage.
Roman Britain
“Essays on the Roman province of Britannia, from Caesar’s expedition in 55 BC to the advent of the Saxons in AD 449.” Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.
Britannia: The LacusCurtius Resources on Roman Britain
Includes Roman Roads in Britain, by Thomas Codrington, The Roman Era in Britain by John Ward, an English translation of the chapter on Britain of the Geography of Claudius Ptolemy, George Witts’s Archaeological Handbook of the County of Gloucester and a annotated guide to internet sites on Roman Britain. copyright © Bill Thayer
Roman Britain
Overview of the Roman occupation of Britain. Excerpted from From Dot to Doomsday: history of Britain, from its creation by rising sea levels at the end of the last ice age, to the first great survey of its land and people, the Domesday Book. By Stephan J. Murray.
The Romans in Britain: Britain before, during and after the Roman Occupation-100BC to AD 450
“The Romans came to Britain nearly 2000 years ago and changed the country in a profund and moving way. In this site you can find information and learn about Roman history in Britain.xcerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Roman.”
Britain – in ancient sources @ attalus.org
This page © Andrew Smith, 2010.
Who was who in Roman Times: Britannia
Roman Britain from the Air
Courtesy of the YouTube.
Roman Britain, by Edward Conybeare (1903)
“In the present work my object has been to give a readable sketch of the historical growth and decay of Roman influence in Britain, illustrated by the archaeology of the period, rather than a mainly archaeological treatise with a bare outline of the history.” Courtesy of Full Text archive..
Roman Governors of Britain
Courtesy of The History Files.
Camulodunum Park at Gosbecks Archaeological Park
“Gosbecks could be described as the place where Colchester’s history began. Colchester was known from earliest times as Camulodunum. Its recorded history of human occupation dates from at least as far back as the first century BC and has been well researched and recorded. However, Gosbecks has, for too long, been overshadowed by the much later Roman Colchester period which began when the Roman emperor Claudius came here in 43 AD to accept the surrender of eleven Celtic British tribal chiefs. Courtesy of Camulos.
Roman Colchester
Guided tour .Part of Camulos ‘ Roman Colchester ‘s Trail.
Londinium-Roman London
Courtesy of YouTube
Roman London: 55BC-5th century AD
Courtesy of YouTube
Boudicca Warrior Queen
Excerpted from UNRV History.
Iron Age and Roman square enclosures near Venta Icenorum: Roman changes in a prehistoric ritual landscape
John Peterson. Histoire, Espaces et Marges de l’Antiquité Hommages à Monique Clavel-Lévêque Besançon, 2003, pp. 161 -184.
Romano-British Sites and museums from the Athena Review, Vol.1, No.1 (Fall, 1995):
Topics include: List of sites and Museums, The landing of Caesar in Britain in 55 and 54 BC, Boudicca’s rebellion of 60-61 AD and The Antonine Wall in Scotland,142-155 AD.
Romano-British Sites and Museums (part 2): a guide to towns, villas, and regional museums: Athena Review, Vol.1, No.2.
“The Guide to Romano-British Sites and Museums (beginning in Vol. 1, No. 1 with I) National Museum collections and II) Forts and Military displays) continues here with III) Roman towns; IV) villas; V) Regional and local museums; and VI) Other (non-British) Roman collections in the UK. Wherever available, related Internet links are provided.”
Internal Organisation and Deposition at the Iron Age Temple on Hayling Island (Hampshire)
“This paper discusses the Iron Age phase of the ‘Celtic’ and Romano-Celtic temple excavated on Hayling Island 1976-81.” By Anthony King and Grahame Soffe.
The Roman Painted House at Dover, England
“The Roman Painted House, the finest Roman House on show in Britain, was discovered by Kent Archaeological Rescue Unit. Twenty five years of excavation across ancient Dover by the Unit have uncovered 50 major structures. The Painted House was the best preserved and is now a major tourist attraction. Built about A.D. 200 it formed part of a large mansion or official hotel, for travellers crossing the Channel. It stood outside the great naval fort of the Classis Britannica, but in A.D. 270 it was demolished by the Roman army during the construction of a larger fort. Three of its main rooms were then buried substantially intact under its ramparts.”
Roman cadastration in Britain, and ancient land management, U. of East Anglia
The School of Information Systems home page for computer-based research on ancient systems of land management., University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
Roman Cadastres in Britain 1. South Norfolk A
By John Peterson. Dialogues d’histoire ancienne, 1988. Volume 14, Issue 14, pp. 167-19
Towards a New history of the Roman Broadlands
By John Peterson.
Some new aspects of Roman Broadland
By John Peterson. The Bulletin of the Norfolk Archaeological and Historical Research Group No.16 2007
Possible extension of Roman centuriation to Lothingland (Norfolk/Suffolk)
By John Peterson. Norfolk Archaeological and Historical Research Group. The Annual No.17 2008
Research on Roman Purbeck
” The natural resources of Purbeck, the south-eastern portion of Dorset in England, have been exploited at least since the Bronze Age, and while the quarrying of Purbeck limestone and the production of ornaments and furniture from the Kimmeridge shale were important industries in the Roman period, we are still sadly ill-informed about their importance in the economy of Roman Britain.The purpose of these pages is to display the state of my research on the subject, in the hope that other students will comment, criticise and guide me, and maybe develop their own work as a result of reading my small contribution. ”
List of Roman Roman Villas in England
Courtesy of Wikipedia.
Roman Villas in Britain: Farms, temples, or tax-depots?
Courtesy of Current Archaeology.
The Romano-British Villa at Easton Maudit
The results of a ten year excavation conducted on the site of a Romano-British Villa at Easton Maudit.
Bignor Roman villa
“Bignor Roman Villa is the stunning remains of a Roman home and farm with world-class mosaic floors in a spectacular Downland setting.”
Brading Roman villa
“Brading Roman Villa is one of the finest Roman sites in the UK. Our award winning Visitor Centre and Museum offers a unique insight into Roman life in Britain from beautifully preserved mosaic floors to an extensive collection of Roman archaeology.”
Cheworth Roman villa
“Cradled in a beautiful Cotswold valley rest the remains of one of the grandest Roman villas in Britain”
Lullingstone Roman villa
“Set in the attractive surroundings of the Darent Valley in Kent, the villa was begun in about AD 100, and developed to suit the tastes and beliefs of successive wealthy owners, reaching its peak of luxury in the mid-4th century.”
Bath The Official Roman Baths Museum Web Site: The Best Preserved Spa from the Ancient World
Introduction to the Archaeology of Tollgate Farm Roman site, Staffordshire
Courtesy of the Stoke-on-Trent Museums
Roman Kempsey
History of the Roman occupation of Kempsey village, Worcestershire, England. Excerpted from The History of Kempsey.
Silchester Roman Town: Calleva Atrebatum is the home of the Silchester Eagle, which inspired the 2011 film The Eagle
Comprehensive overview of the Roman town of Silchester.
Virtual Romans Leicester: Virtual Reconstruction of Roman Leicester (Ratae Corieltauvorum) 210 AD
N. Higgett, E.Baines, D. Everitt, G. Saucedo, E. Tatham. Courtesy of Academicedu.
VirtualRoman Leicester: A Digital Recreation of ‘Ratae Corieltauvorum’ 210AD
“Virtual Roman Leicester is a an interactive on-screen tour around Roman Leicester in 210 AD. This pioneering architectural research project recreates Roman Leicester in an interactive, virtual world”
The Mosaics of Roman Lecister
By Peter Johnson
The Chester Project: Reconstructing Roman Chester
“The Chester Project is a long term project to reconstruct, using computer graphics, the Roman Legionary fortress of the mid-third century AD, a time when the fortress was in it’s most complete.”
The Roman Ellipetical Building at Chester:Deva The Flavian Capital of Britannia(?)
“The remarkable structure known as the ‘Elliptical Building’ stood in the central division of the legionary fortress of Deva , occupying most of the insula lying to the dextral rear (north-west) of the headquarters building (principia).”
The Defences of Chester: Reconstructing the Defences of Chester
“Welcome to the homepage of a reconstruction project to support the recently published report on the defences of Chester. Although the project currently depicts the early and middle Roman periods, it will ultimately encompass all major periods up to the present, bearing in mind also that the term ‘defences’ tends to lose its relevance as we approach the present.
Rising From Ruins: Segontium Roman Fort
“This video gives you an idea of how Caernarfon’s Segontium Roman Fort would have looked in its prime.”. Courtesy of youTube.
The Aerial photo gallery of Roman Ruins in England
Excerpted from Aerial Photography of Historical Places in UK (England and Wales). Photographers Adrian Warren and Dae Sasitorn.
Roman cadastres in Britain. II. Eastearn A. Signs of a large System in the northern English home counties
John W.M. Peterson. Dialogues d’histoire ancienne 1990, Volume 16, Issue 16-2, pp.233-27
Romano-British Sites and Museums (part I): a guide to Roman forts and related museums: from Athena Review, Vol.1, No.1.
“This following guide, meant for both travellers and students, begins here with the categories of I) National museums; and II)Roman forts and related museums.”
Planned Military Landscape in Roman Britain
By John Peterson. Please note: this is an edited and slightly expanded version of a printed article that may be cited as J. W. M. Peterson (2006) Planned Military Landscape in Roman Britain in Journeys through European Landscapes. edited by Lévêque, L., et al. pp. 153 – 156. COST Action A27, Ponferrada, Spain.
Kanovium Roman Fort
Unofficial Blog About The Activities Of the Roman Army In North Wales
Kanovium Fort
Courtesy of YouTube.
Flavian fort sites in South Wales: a spreadsheet analysis
J. W. M. Peterson. School of Information Systems, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR 15 1PD, UK
Caerleon reconstruction
Courtesy of YouTube.
Caerleon Fortress Bath
Courtesy of YouTube.
Frontiers of the Roman Empire-UNESCO World Heritage Centre
“The 118-km-long Hadrian’s Wall (UK) was built on the orders of the Emperor Hadrian c. AD 122 at the northernmost limits of the Roman province of Britannia. It is a striking example of the organization of a military zone and illustrates the defensive techniques and geopolitical strategies of ancient Rome. The Antonine Wall, a 60-km long fortification in Scotland was started by Emperor Antonius Pius in 142 AD as a defense against the “barbarians” of the north. It constitutes the northwestern-most portion of the Roman Limes.”
Roman Fort at Hardbutts Field, Middlewich
“A historical virtual reality tour of the Roman fort at Harbutts Field, Middlewich. Narrated by Tim Stickland and recorded by James Balme. Reproduced 2011 for Middlewich Town Council and presented here for Middlewich Heritage.”. Courtesy of YouTube.
The Stanegate ‘Frontier’ c.ad105
Excerpted from www.Roman-Britain.org
Hadrianic Society
“The Society was formed in 1971 under the leadership of Dr. Brian Dobson along with Professor David Breeze and Professor Valerie Maxfield. The Society is made up of those having Hadrian’s Wall or the Roman Army as a principal interest.”
Hadrian’s Wall: The Conquest of Britain
Courtesy of Odyssey Adventures in Archaeology
Hadrian’s Wall
Excellent overview of the extant sites and resources for learning about the Wall. Courtesy of English Heritage
Hadrian’s Wall
“A brief history of the construction of Hadrian’s Wall.”.
The Hadrian’s Wall c.ad122
Excerpted from www.Roman-Britain.org
BBC Timewatch-Hadrian’s Wall
Courtesy of YouTube.
Reverse Engineering the Vallum
“As a result of my work on Hadrian’s timber Wall, I was asked recently to take part in a documentary about the period. So, putting prehistory aside, I took another look at this important period in my local archaeology, and in particular at a conspicuous, yet enigmatic, example of Roman military engineering.” Theoretical Structual Archaeology: A blog by Geoff Carter.
Hadrian’s Wall: The Staffordshire Moorlands Patera
A “Although the Roman name for Hadrian’s Wall is not known for sure, it is possible they called it the Vallum Aelium, or the Aelian frontier. The evidence for this name was found in an inscription on a bowl found in the Staffordshire moorlands in 2003, and which is now known as the Staffordshire Moorlands Patera.Roman souvenir of Hadrian’s Wall. Courtesy of the British Museum. Courtesy of h2g2: The Guide to life, the universe and everything.
The Rudge Cup replica
A Roman souvenir of Hadrian’s Wall. Courtesy of the British Museum
The Staffordshire Moorlands Pannamelled Bronze Pan
A Roman souvenir of Hadrian’s Wall. Courtesy of the British Museum
Staffordshire Moorlands Pan
Courtesy of Wikipedia.
Housesteads
Excerpted from Odyssey: Adventures in Archaeology.
Housesteads Roman Fort-English Heritage
Courtesy of YouTube.
Hadrian’s Wall-Housesteads Fort Walkthrough-Medieval Engineers
Courtesy of YouTube.
Hadrian’s Wall – NewCastle Roman Fort
“This is a 3D reconstruction of the Roman Fort built along Hadrians Wall located at NewCastle UK also known as the Pons Aelius . By Decimus © 2015 AncientVine.com.
Arbeia Roman fort and Museum on AboutBritain.com
“Situated beyond the easternmost point of Hadrian’s Wall, Arbeia Roman Fort stood guard at the mouth of the River Tyne. Built in AD 160s, the stone fort at South Shields played an essential role in the mighty frontier system which stretched across the width of the country, marking the northern boundaries of the Roman Empire.”
Arbeia Roman fort at South Shields.
This is a shortened version of an article originally published in Current Archaeology 133, which also has additional photos and plans.
Concangis-The story of the 1990-91 excavations on part of the Roman site of Chester-le street.
History of Chesters Roman Fort
“Chesters is one of a series of permanent forts built during the construction of Hadrian’s Wall. The cavalry fort, known to the Romans as Cilurnum, was built in about AD 124. It housed some 500 cavalrymen and was occupied until the Romans left Britain in the 5th century. Pioneering excavations in the 19th century exposed the structures visible today. These excavations yielded one of the best collections of inscriptions and sculpture on Hadrian’s Wall..”
Vindolanda.
“When you visit Roman Vindolanda and the Roman army Museum you are in the Heart of Hadrian’s Wall country- Rome’s mighty Northern Frontier.”
Vindolanda Tablets Online.
“This online edition of the Vindolanda writing tablets, excavated from the Roman fort at Vindolanda in northern England, includes the following elements: Tablets – a searchable online edition of the tablets (volumes I and II) Exhibition – an introduction to the tablets and their context Reference – a guide to aspects of the tabletsÕ content Help – navigation and using the site”
Imaging Roman Stilus Tablets, A.K.Bowman and J.M.Brady, University of Oxford
“In addition to an exceptional quantity of well-preserved ink writing-tablets, Vindolanda has also produced a large number of stilus tablets; the 46 examples discovered in the 1990s bring the total to around 200, of which many have visible remains of writing. There are, of course, a few which are relatively straightforward to read (particularly the addresses on the back), but the majority of tablets from Vindolanda and in museums and collections elsewhere remain intractable and unread. The problems posed by the majority of such stilus tablets, in which the wax surface has perished and we are left with traces of incision where the stilus penetrated the wax to the wood beneath, are familiar. We cannot read them because we cannot see the incisions clearly enough; the incisions are often incomplete especially at the ends of strokes; they are often palimpsest; the visibility of the text is undermined by wood grain and other casual damage.”.
Jupiter, best and greatest – Revisiting Maryport’s ritual pits.
“New excavations have revealed why the country’s finest set of Jupiter altars were committed to the earth in gigantic pits” Courtesy of Current Archaeology.
Caledonia (Scotland):
Brief history of the province excerpted from UNRV History- Roman Empire.
A Roman Frontier Post and its People: The Fort of Newstead in the Parish of Melrose By James Curle, F.S.A. S COT ., F.S.A. Glasgow 1911
“Originally published by James Maclehose and Sons for the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. This edition prepared for The Trimontium Trust with funding from The Heritage Lottery Fund, Tweed Forum, and others who have contributed to Phase II of the Tweed Rivers Interpretation Project.”
Trimontium: The Newstead Project
“Newstead Roman fort is one of the most important archaeological sites in Scotland. Eighteen centuries ago it was one of the main command centres of the Roman army in Scotland, at the edge of the Empire that extended to Syria and the Sahara. From here at Newstead has come one of the most outstanding collections of objects from anywhere in that massive Empire. The objects give an unmatched picture of the everyday life of the Roman frontier soldier and his companions, from their common wooden tent pegs to awe-inspiring parade armour. Now these form the centrepiece of the National Museums’ Roman collections. The finds were made in excavations at the beginning of this century, but from 1989 Newstead is being made the centre of an exciting new programme of field research sponsored by the National Museums of Scotland, using the most modem scientific techniques.”
Trimontium: Roman Fort and Marching Camp
Excerpted from www.Roman-Britain.org
Trimontium: The Story of the Roman Capital of Southern Scotland
Courtesy of the The Trimontium Museum (aka the ‘Three Hills’ Roman Heritage Centre).
Trimontium (Newstead) Roxburghshire, Scotland.
Excerpted from The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites.
A Roman Frontier Post and Its Peoples
By Duncan B. Campbell.
Hillfort under attack: Roman siege warfare or training exercises at Burnswark?
By James Curle , F.S.A. SCOT., F.S.A. . Courtesy of Academia.edu
The Antonine Wall in Scotland
Athena Review Vol.1, no.1
Antonine Wall
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.
The Antonine Wall: The Northwest Frontier of the Roman Empire
Welcome to the Antonine Wall World Heritage Site Online.
The Antonine Wall c.ad 140
Excerpted from www.Roman-Britain.org
The Antonine Wall in Scotland
… A Guide to the Antonine Wall and Routes on the Antonine Way
Sections of the Antonine Wall at Hillfoot Cemetery
Athena Review Vol.1, no.1
The Roman Fort and Bath at Bearsden, Scotland
Athena Review Vol.1, no.1
Roman Gask Project
“The Project was founded in the University of Manchester in 1995 and moved to the University of Liverpool in 2002. Since 2013 it is an Independent Research Project.”.
‘Glen Blocking Forts’ and the Gask Ridge c.ad85
Excerpted from www.Roman-Britain.org
Signalling and the Design of the Gask Ridge System
“This paper attempts to describe the signalling arrangements of the Gask Ridge and the influence these may have had on the general layout of the system, in an effort to understand the purpose and context of the Roman line” By D. J. Woolliscroft. Excerpted from the The Roman Gask Project.
Agricola He Came He Saw, but did He Conquer? :A review of the reassessment of first century Roman activity in Scotland
By D. J. Woolliscroft. Excerpted from the The Roman Gask Project.
Mons Graupius
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.
Mons Graupius Revealed
By Mike Haseler
Tacitus’ Account of The Battle of Mons Graupius Revealed
By Joshua J. Mark. Courtesy of the Ancient History Encyclopedia.
Galgacus: On Roman Imperialism.
From Life of Cnaeus Julius Agricola, 29-33 c.98 CE, Translated by Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb. Courtesy of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.
Agricola VS Tacitus: Archaeology versus Tacitus’ Agricola, A First Century Worst Case Scenario.
By Birgetta Hoffmann. Excerpted from the The Roman Gask Project.
The Fate of the Ninth: The curious disappearance of Legio VIIII Hispania
By D B Campbell. Courtesy of academia.edu
The Scottish campaigns of Septimus Severus
By Nicholas Reed. Courtesy of Archaeology Data Services
Why did the Romans fail to conquer Scotland?
David Breeze.Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 118 (1988), 3-22. Courtesy of Archaeology Data Services.
Manning the ramparts: a hillfort on the edge of Empire
By Murray Cook and David Connolly
Roman Glass from the North of Scotland
By Birgitta Hoffmann. Excerpted from the The Roman Gask Project.
The History of Plumbing – Roman and English Legacy.
Roman Amphoras in Britain by Paul Tyers
This paper is a survey to the principal classes of amphoras circulating in Britain during the Roman period (1st c. BC – 4th c. AD). The form, fabric, sources, contents and dating of each type are described in a series of Atlas Pages, accompanied by a series of computer generated maps. The Atlas pages can also be accessed through a clickable map, based on the source of the amphoras, through a time-line, showing which types are circulating at any period, a visual index, as well as through a full text search. The supporting data includes a bibliography and a database of records of the distribution of these amphoras in Britain.
Study Group for Roman Pottery
“The Study Group for Roman Pottery, (SGRP), was formed in 1971 to further the study of pottery of the Roman period in Britain. It provides a forum for the presentation and discussion of the latest research, and of issues affecting the subject and its practitioners.”
The Celts and the Romans in Britain
“In the Iron Age, the people of Britain lived in tribes. Today these people are often called ‘Celts’. Use this site to discover more about the history and way of life of these ancient people.” Courtesy of Nigel Cross.
Simon James’s ANCIENT CELTS PAGE
An experimental home page, presenting “some stuff” about the peoples referred to as Ancient Celts written from the view point of an archaeologist.
The Significance of Celtic Coinage
A history of Celtic coinage in Britain.
The Celtic Coin Index on the Web.
“The British Celtic Coin Index Records from 1961 to 2001 are now online! This means you now have access to over 28,000 records and images of British Celtic coins, a remarkable resource for study! For more information on the history of this project, see the History FAQ.”
Iron Age (Celtic) coin guide
Excerpted from the Portable Antiquites Scheme
Ancient Coins of Britain
Excerpted from Digital Historia Numerorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics
Clash of Iron: When Civilizations Meet
“Welcome to CLASH! The new home of AD43! Since we have moved far beyond the confines of the invasion of Britain, the staff has elected to change the name to one that is less limiting! CLASH OF IRON is all about Iron Age Reenacting! Celts and Romans interacting in interesting and meaningful ways. From the occassional battle, to day to day interactions among the Roman army and the people it governs, CLASH is a unique immersion into the life of an Iron Age Civilization.”
The Celts Group Carnyx
“The Celts Group CARNYX – named after a Celtic war trumpet – was founded in spring 1999 by archaeologists and historically interested people from TŸbingen and its environs. At present the group consists of approximately 10 members. The main aim of CARNYX is to present the Celtic era of European prehistory as detailed and realistically as possible. Archaeological findings supplemented by information from antique history writers are the main source for the reconstruction of Celtic dress, jewellery, tools and weapons.”
Texas Coritani
“The Texas Coritani is a living history group that attempts to recreate the lifestyles of the inhabitants of the British Isles during the late Iron Age, sometimes referred to as the La Tene period. That is, roughly from 350 BC to the 1st century AD”
Gaesatae: Recreating Ancient Celtic History
“Based in San Jose, CA, Gaesatae was formed to demonstrate the life an customs of Iron Age Celtic culture, through language, crafts, and displays based on archeological evidence and primary sources.”
Iron Age Living History Group:The Cantiaci Web site
“The historical Cantiaci were the Iron Age tribes who inhabited Kent over 2000 years ago. The Cantiaci of today is a voluntary group which aims to show life as it may have been from around 80 BC to the Roman conquest in 43 AD. The village at the Riverside Country Park, Gillingham, has been built by members of Cantiaci and is a representation of a typical Iron Age farmstead based on interpretations of the archaeology of this period. The project has enjoyed the full support of the parks management and staff.”
Vicus: Romans and Britons
“The Vicus is an Iron age and early Roman re-enactment society that interprets history through the media of experimental archaeology, reconstruction and living history”
Swords of Dalriada
“We are the Swords of Dalriada (pronounced ‘Dal-ree-adda’), a Scottish historical re-enactment group based in Ayrshire, who perform all over Scotland (and occasionally outwith). Our group focuses on bringing the conflicts that shaped Scotland to life. The time periods we cover include; the Scottish Wars of Independence, the Viking invasions, Iron Age Caledonia and the Jacobite rebellion. We do both living history and battle re-enactment. This means that not only do we recreate battles, we also demonstrate what life was like throughout Scotlands history.”
HistoriaVivens
“Welcome! Here You will find listings of the European Living Historians & Reenactors devoted to recreating history, life and experiences of the Ancient Celts, the Age of Nature!”
Atrebates Living History Group
“In the present day, ‘Atrebates’ is the name of a living history group, based at Butser Ancient Farm, nr Petersfield. During the year they are involved with demonstrating Celtic skills, and talking to the public about this fascinating bit of British history.”
Welcome to the Butser Ancient Farm
“This World famous site founded by Dr P J Reynolds is the open air laboratory for research into Prehistoric and Roman agriculture and building techniques.”
Celtic Page
Courtesy of the of Legio XIIII Re-enactment Society.
Celtic Warriors
Courtesy of Ancient Military com.
Ancient Celtic Weapons
Courtesy of chess.com.
Burial practices reveal secret Celtic worship in Britain despite Roman occupation
“Old Celtic practices continued to thrive in Britain during and after the 5th century AD despite Roman occupation and the introduction of Christianity, according to a new book by a University of Queensland academic.”
Roman Roads in Britain by Thomas Codrington published by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge London, 1903.
A Web-enhanced version courtesy of LacusCurtius by Bill Thayer.
Archaeology for All: The Council for British Archaeology
“The Council for British Archaeology is an educational charity working throughout the UK to involve people in archaeology and to promote the appreciation and care of the historic environment for the benefit of present and future generations.”.
Ancient Rome and Ireland
By F. J. Haverfield. English Historical Review Vol. 28 (1913), pp. 1‑12. Courtesy of Bill Thayer.
Hibernia
Brief history of the province excerpted from UNRV History- Roman Empire.
Yes, the Romans did invade Ireland.
BY Richard Warner. Courtesy of Academia.edu
Ireland and the Roman Empire
Courtesy of Hubpages.
Hibernia Romana? Ireland & the Roman empire
Originally published in Features, Issue 2 (Summer 1996), Pre-history / Archaeology, Pre-Norman History, Volume 4. Excerpted from HistoryIreland. Copyright © 2017 History Publications Ltd.
Roman Inscriptions of Britain
“This website hosts Volume One of The Roman Inscriptions of Britain, R.G. Collingwood’s and R.P. Wright’s magisterial edition of 2,401 monumental inscriptions from Britain found prior to 1955. It also incorporates all Addenda and Corrigenda published in the 1995 reprint of RIB (edited by R.S.O. Tomlin) and the annual survey of inscriptions published in Britannia since.”
Index to The Roman Inscriptions of Britain (RIB) :Athena Review, Subject Index
“Writings on altars, tombstones, milestones, and other monuments provide us with a wealth of sources on Roman Britain. These texts have been compiled into a two-volume work entitled The Roman Inscriptions of Britain (abbreviated RIB), edited by R.G. Collingwood and R.P. Wright (1965, Oxford, Clarendon Press). Volume 1 lists inscriptions on stone, and Volume 2 contains writings on other materials. ÊEach inscription is individually numberedÊand grouped by site. Thus, RIB-191 through -212 includes all catalogued inscriptions from Colchester. These listings are widely used by archaeologists, historians, and museums, where many of the inscriptions may be seen. ”
The Portable Antiquities Scheme
“Welcome to the website for the national Portable Antiquities Scheme. The scheme has been set up to promote and co-ordinate the recording of archaeological finds in England and Wales. This website provides access to the national Portable Antiquities Database and to information and resources relating to the Portable Antiquities Scheme.”
Archaeology UK
“Welcome to Archaeology UK the home of ARCHI, the fully-searchable database of the positions of more than 115,000 UK Archaeological sites. Most of the sites in the database are linked to an aerial photograph of the site plus a local road map and many are also linked to Victorian Ordnance Survey maps.”
From Rapier to Langsax: Sword Structure in the British Isles in the Bronze and Iron Ages
Copyright © 1995 by Niko Silvester.
Roman weaponry in the province of Britain from the second century to he fifth century AD.
By David Marchant. Courtesy of History in the Ancient World.
Climate Change in Ancient Britain
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.
Late Roman and Dark Age Historians of Britain
“The transition from ancient to medieval times viewed over six centuries, from Ammianus to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.” Athena Review Vol.I, no.2
Late Roman Yorkshire: A Website Dedicated to Yorkshire in the Fourth Century
“The fourth century and the beginning of the fifth saw the final collapse of Roman authority in Britain, but also the most prosperous period in its history.”
The Mildenhall Treasure: Late Roman Silver from East Anglia
By Richard Hobbs with contributions by Janet Lang,, Michael J. Hughes, Roger Tomlin and Jude Plouviez> Courtesy of the British Museum.
Who were the Picts?
“Overview of Pictish history. Courtesy of Orkneyjar: the heritage of the orkney islands
Picts
“The Picts were a people of northern Scotland who are defined as a “confederation of tribal units whose political motivations derived from a need to ally against common enemies”. Courtesy of the Ancient History Encylopedia.
origins of the Picts and Scots
“Excerpted from Dot to Doomsday.
Germanic Piracy in Roman Britain
By Yngve Andreas Elverhøi. “This thesis focuses on Germanic piracy in Roman Britain, concentrating on the period of Roman occupation of Britain between AD 43 and the early fifth century.”
The Saxon Shore Forts: Coastal defenses of Roman Britain:Romano-British Sites & Museums II: Athena Review, Vol.1, no.2
“The Saxon Shore Forts were built by the Romans in the late 3rd century AD along the southeast coast of Britain to guard against increasing invasion and piracy by Germanic tribes including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.”
Roman “Saxon Shore” Forts
Map of military installations known as the ‘Saxon Shore Forts’ 370 AD. Copyright ©2002 Britannia.com, LLC.
The Saxon Shore Forts
Excerpted from www.Roman-Britain.org
The Saxon Shore Forts in context
Courtesy of Favonius.
Saxon Shore forts and the later Western Roman Empire in Britannia
By Gerald Capon. Courtesy of Academia.edu.
The Saxon Shore
Photo album of the Saxon Shore forts by Mike Bishop. Courtesy of flickr.
Northern Britain and the Fall of Roman Britain
Article by Guy Halsall. Courtesy of Academia.edu.
A Gazetteer of Sub-Roman Britain (AD 400-600):the British Sites
Courtesy of Christopher A Snyder
Sub- Roman Britain: A Guide to Online Resources
Courtesy of the ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies.
Sub- Roman Britain: An Introduction
By Christopher Snyder. Courtesy of the ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies.
The Ruin and Conquest of Britain 400 A.D. – 600 A.D.:A Reconstruction by Howard Wiseman.
Vortigern Studies
Vortigern Studies is an initiative based in the Netherlands, dedicated to the study of the period between the Roman occupation of Britain and the Early Middle Age
The Saxon Advent
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.
The Anglo Saxon Invasion – History of Britain (BBC Documentary)
Courtesy of YouTube.
The Roman Hoxne Hoard
By Brian Haughton. Courtesy of Ancient History Encyclopedia.
Hoxne Hoard
Excerpted from SPQR: Encyclopedia Romana by James Grout.
Hoxne Hoard
Courtesy of Wikipedia.
Wansdyke Project 21
“Wansdyke Project 21, which is launched through this website, has the aim to support the preservation of the ancient monument known as Wansdyke. This earthwork is severely threathened in some places by modern activities such as building and agriculture, and may be lost if no action is taken to schedule more parts of it. Wansdyke Project 21 aims to endorse this by making it better known to the general public by discussing all aspects of this unique Dark Ages earthwork.”
David Nash Ford’s Early British Kingdoms
The History of all those little known kingdoms that existed in Britain during the Age of King Arthur.
Britannia
“Welcome… …to the webpages of Britannia. One of the oldest (and largest) groups in the UK portraying the late Roman period. See our impression of life and combat on a small island on the edge of a dying Roman Empire and the end of the Classical age.”
Book Reviews
- Potter, T. W. , and Catherine Johns, Roman Britain
Reviewed by G.B. and A.S. Bailey - Peter Salway, The Oxford Illustrated History of Roman Britain.
Reviewed by Anthony A. Barrett - Martin Henig, Art of Roman Britain.
Reviewed by Tracy Furlonger - Stanley Ireland, Roman Britain: A Sourcebook.
Reviewed by Christopher A. Snyder - Georgia L. Irby-Massie, Military Religion in Roman Britain.
Reviewed by Christopher A. Snyder - M.E.Jones, The End of Roman Britain.
Reviewed by A.T. Fear - G.D.B. Jones, D.J. Woolliscroft,Hadrian’s Wall from the Air.
Reviewed by Kai Brodersen
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