Arabia Petraea
Arabia Petraea
Brief history of the province excerpted from UNRV History- Roman Empire.
Ancient Arabia
Article on Arabia excerpted from Livius: Articles on ancient history. (Almost) all articles by Jona Lendering ©
Rome’s Desert Frontier: Chapter One: Physical and Human Geography
By David Kennedy and Derrick Riley. Excerpted from Rome’s Desert Frontier University of Texas Press, Austin, 1990. Courtesy of Internet History Sourcebooks.
Arabia – in ancient sources @ attalus.org
This page © Andrew Smith, 2010
Roman Arabia
“The Romans built many buildings in Arabia during their occupation. Some of these are listed below. In time we hope to have much more information on this site, but have currently limited to the photos we have collected over the last couple of years.” Courtesy of Nabataea.net
Who was who in the Roman Empire: The Nabateans
The Petra ‘Great Temple’
Brown University professor Martha S. Joukowsky is at present directing the archaeological excavations of the Temple at Petra, Jordan. Although the excavation is funded by Brown University as part of its programs in Anthropology and in Old World Archaeology and Art, it is also an international and interdisciplinary project, with the active involvement of the American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR) located in Amman, and the Department of Antiquities of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
Petra
“Petra was first established sometime around the 6th century BC, by the Nabataean Arabs, a nomadic tribe who settled in the area and laid the foundations of a commercial empire that extended into Syria. Includes an Interactive map and tour.
PETRA
“The jewel of South Jordan is Petra, the unique, 2,000-year-old rock-carved city, the pink and salmon coloured capital of the Nabataean Arabs. Petra is always breath-taking, never to be forgotten. It flourished for over 400 years around the time of Rome and Christ, until it was occupied by the Roman legions of the emperor Trajan in 106 A.D.” Courtesy of Focus Multimedia Magazine Online.
Petra – Myth and reality
Written by Philip C. Hammond, Photographed by Vivian Ronay (From the Aramco World Magazine, September-October 1991)
PBS Nova Petra Petra Lost City of Stone
Courtesy of YouTube.
Petra’s Great Temple
Written by Elizabeth J. Himelfarb. Archaeology Magazine, Interactive Digs Summer 2000.
Photos of Jordan-Petra: the main sights
These are “thumbnail” pictures. Click on them to open a larger version. All photos copyright the Jordan Tourist Board unless otherwise stated
Petra
“Deep within the deserts of Jordan lies the ancient city of Petra. Through a narrow gorge it emerges into view, revealing awe-inspiring monuments cut into the surrounding cliffs. What is this astonishing city? Who built it, and why?” Web site from the American Museum of Natural History.
The ancient city of Petra
“Two thousand years ago, an ancient city called Petra thrived deep in the desert of Jordan. This city was the capital of the powerful Nabataean kingdom.” Child friendly site created by the American Museum of Natural History.
Petra: Capital City of Nabatea
Courtesy of Nabatea .net “The ancient Nabataean city of Petra was recently voted as the seventh wonder of the ancient world. New7 Wonders, the nonprofit organization that conducted the poll said that over 100 million votes were placed.”
Petra Pool and Garden Complex: an archaeological excavation in Petra, Jordan
“In 1998, a preliminary survey and excavation of the so-called “Lower Market”, revealed the remains of a monumental swimming-pool with island-pavilion. In association with the swimming-pool are the remnants of an elaborate hydraulic system – channels, pipelines, and a diversion tank (castellum) – that transported water to the pool and irrigated the large earthen terrace to the north of the pool. The Petra Garden and Pool Complex is the only example of a Nabataean garden known in the archaeological record, and is one of the few ancient garden sites to be excavated or studied in the region..”
Chronology of the Petra Garden and Pool Complex through Coarse Wares
By Pamela Koulianos. Courtesy of YouTube
Massive New Monument Found in Petra
“Satellites and drones helped reveal huge ceremonial platform near the ancient city’s center” Courtesy of National Geographic.
The American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR) Petra Scroll Update
“The Petra scrolls were found in 1992, have been translated and are now being researched and worked to determine the real meanings of the works and also to expand the knowledge of the Byzantine Petra lifestyle in the sixth century. These scrolls were carbonized (partially burned) and many were found intact with major portions of the text relatively clear.”
The Mysterious Nabateans
Excerpted from a History of Jordan on the official Jordanian government’s site.
Nabateans
A history © Jona Lendering for Livius.Org, 2009 Revision: 10 Nov. 2009
Notes on the Nabateans
By Thomas C. Barger. Courtesy of Aramco World September/October 1965.
Parallel Maritime Histories (Greece, Egypt, India, South Yemen, China, Rome)
Text copyright 2002 Canbooks Picture copyright held by their respective owner. “A number of things made the Nabataeans distinctive from other tribes in Arabia. One of them was their ability as seamen. Where did they learn their seamanship? It may have been in the marshlands of southern Iraq where water transport was easier than land transport. Or it may have been that after repeated conflict with Sennacherib of Assyria, they moved south into Arabia, and developed skills as seamen while they lived on the coasts and in the ports of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Oman. Perhaps it was during this time that they visited the ports of Persia and adopted the many Zoroastrian customs that are attributed to them.”
Nabatean Seafaring
By Zaraza Friedman. Courtesy of Academia.edu.
Sailing in the Dead Sea: Madaba Map Mosaic
By Zaraza Friedman. Courtesy of Academia.edu.
Report on the Humayma Excavation Report for 2002.
John Peter Oleson, Gregory S. Baker, Andrew N. Sherwood, Erik de Bruijn, M. Barbara Reeves, and Heather M. Ambrose.
The History and Goals of the Humaya Excavation Report Project.
“Ancient Hawara, modern Humayma,modern Humayma (or “Humeima”, the official Jordanian spelling has changed recently), was a small trading post and caravan way-station in Edom, the desert region of southern Jordan. It was founded by the Nabataean King Aretas III in the 80s B.C. to serve as a centre for sedentarization of the local nomadic Nabataean pastoralists at a time when regional trade routes were shifting elsewhere, and as a strategy of state formation by a developing monarchy.”
Abila of the Decapolis, Jordan.
“The American Expedition to Abila of the Decapolis began field work with a systematic survey of the site during 1980. Excavation and a regional survey program began during 1982. Intensive excavation seasons are held each even numbered year with odd numbered years used for study seasons and more limited testing. The field work at Abila has been directed from 1980 to the present by Dr. Harold Mare of Covenant Theological Seminary in St. Louis. Sporadic work on the painted Roman Period tombs has been conducted by French archaeologists.
Excavations at Abila of the Decapolis, Northern Jordan
“Abila (Quailibah, the modern name) in northern Jordan, just east of the southern end of the Sea of Galilee, is located about 13 kilometers north and slightly northeast of the modern city of Irbid.” By W. Harold Mare, Ph.D. Director, Abila Excavations
Ancient Gadara City of Philosophers
Courtesy of the University of Haifa
Ancient Accounts of Arabia, 430 BCE – 550 CE
From Herodotus: The Histories, Book III, c. 430 BCE, Strabo: Geography, c. 22 CE, Dio Cassius: History of Rome, c. 220 CE, Ammianus Marcellinus: The Roman History, c. 380 CE, Procopius of Caesarea: History of the Wars, c. 550 CE. Courtesy of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook.
Roman Roads and Routes in North-East Jordan
By David Kennedy. Courtesy of Academia.edu.
Limes Arabicus and still-standing buildings
By Roberto Parenti and Piero Gilento “This article aims to summarize and re-organize the historical-archaeological data of a part of the limes arabicus and above all to present a new methodological approach based on the study of buildings, to determine the evolution of building techniques and the transmission of knowledgeand skills.” Courtesy of academia.edu
El-Lejjun Roman Legionary fortress, Jordan
Aerial photo courtesy of wikimapia.
A Diocletianic Roman castellum of the Limes Arabicus in its local context: a final report of the 2001 Da’janiya survey
“The Roman fort at Da’janiya is the largest and best-preserved fortification on the Roman limes between the two legionary forts at Lejjun and Udruh. The fort at Da’janiya is something of an anomaly, since at just over 100 m by 100 m; it covers over four times the extent of the typical castellum in Jordan.”
Udhruh Archaeological Project
“Dr. Ir. Mark Driessen and Dr. Fawzi Abudanah. Udhruh located approximately 10 kilometers from Wadi Musa along the trade route from Arabia to Syria (later becoming part of the via Traiana Nova) was the site of a Roman fortress.
Photos of Jordan-Jerash: the main sights
These are “thumbnail” pictures. Click on them to open a larger version. All photos copyright the Jordan Tourist Board unless otherwise stated
Jerash Chariots Live
“Jerash is the only place in the world where Roman army units and chariots will be seen in action in a genuine Roman setting. It is truly a unique experience”
The Virtual World Project:Exploring the Ancient World through Virtual Reality
“The Virtual World Project is designed for educational purposes, with teachers and students in mind. The project offers two modes for viewing the archaeological sites (Tour and Presentation mode). See the help screens for further information on using the project. Audio commentary is being added to many of the sites (see Herodium, Dan, Qasr Bshir, and Ramm, among others).”
Ancient Coins of Arabia
Excerpted from Digital Historia Numerorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics
Nabatean Kingdom: coinage
Excerpted from Forum Ancient Coins
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