We have posted on the third grade website, on the scrapbook page, photographs from the wildly successful, pride-filled, and delicious Native American Museum and Feast. Thank you to all of our friends, families and community members for supporting the hard work of House 43 students, and for contributing to this wonderful celebratory event.
Click here to view the photographs.
Clothing of the Northwest
My topic is clothing of the northwest coast. I will cover why cedar trees are important for clothing, types of clothing, other types of clothing that are useful for the Native Americans. The northwest is the coast north of California and south of Alaska. The climate is very rainy, so the houses and the things they used had not to rot. That is why they used cedar that I will tell you more about later. This paper is about the Native Americans of the northwest coast is before the European contact. Some of the tribes that lived there are Salish, Hupia, Kalapua and Yakama.
Cedar trees are very important to the northwest coast Native Americans because of what I am about to tell you. In the northwest coast, it is very rainy so wood would rot. One of the things that cedar is used for is houses because of an oil in the cedar stops it from rotting. The northwest is a rainy place. Cedar wood is also a great for canoes and cooking pots. masks and totem poles were also made from cedar wood. Everything was used from a cedar tree. The long thin roots were used for strong waterproof baskets. Strips of cedar bark are woven in to baskets, hats and mats. When strips of inner bark were pounded with a bark beater the bark turned in to soft long fibers that were used for clothing. Mot of the northwest clothing was made from a cedar tree. All the rest of the clothing was made from other skins for warmer clothing.
Clothing is very useful to the Native Americans. But not as much as other groups. The northwest coast Native Americans don’t wear much clothing. I’ll tell you why. Native Americans of the northwest coast wore almost nothing. IT is that way because of the climate ad location. It was warm, but rainy. It was also very useful for ceremonial wear. It was like that because the Native American were very ceremonial. That was one of the biggest uses for the Northwest coast Native Americans. Half of the clothing was made from materials that came from animals. But almost all of the things that could be used were used. Also somethings were used for special occasions. I’ll talk about that next.
The next thing you will read about is clothing for special occasions and cold weather. To ceremonies the people wore deerskin tunics with designs, fancy leggings, sometimes painted basket hats, or seashell jewelry. Blankets were used a lot. The Chief wore carved headdress with fur, sea lion whiskers and a woven blanket. Maybe even a necklace or bracelet of sea lion whiskers. In colder weather, they wore buckskin leggings, but in the summer they wore doeskin leggings. In the mountains while hunting they wore a simple snow-shoe. In the mountains, they also wore mittens. The used mountain goat wool. Clothing was not the only way Native Americans celebrated their culture. The way they wore their hair also symbolized things, such as strength.
I hope you like what you just read. One of the reasons this was hard is because there was not a lot of information on the northwest clothing of the Native Americans pre-European contact. When the Europeans came, they got stronger metals. They also made blankets out of mountain goat wool. They were called Chilkat blankets. It took at least six months to make one.
The Northwest Native Americans!
My paper has a lot of information about how the northwest Native Americans cooked their food, ate it, and got it. The northwest Native Americans did hunt. They hunted fish and deer. They did not hunt other animals because the Northwest coast was near rivers and oceans so they d really didn’t need to hunt. They loved fish oil. They used it for almost everything they cooked. They also loved Salmon. The northwest tribes that I know of are the Hupa tribe, the Kalapuya, Tlinget tribe, the Tsimshian tribe, the Kwakiutl, the Haida tribe, the Nootka tribe, the Makah tribe, the Salish tribe, the Bella Coola tribe, and the Yakima tribe. This was a long time ago and the northwest coast Native Americans live way differently now.
Before I tell you how they cooked the food and what food they ate you need to know how they got the food. The northwest people did hunt. They hunted fish, whale, and deer. They gathered berries, roots, and bird eggs. Clams were gathered on beaches. The northwest people ate a lot of fish like halibut, cod, flounder, and candlefish, and of course salmon. They ate fish because they were close to the rivers and oceans. Sometimes a whale washed up on the beach and the whole village would come out and help the men skin the whale. The northwest people used wooden clubs, traps, nets, and spears to hunt the fish. Nets would catch the fish. Clubs were made out of wood. The men would hit the fish with them. Traps would catch the fish.
They used weirs, gates, and stonewall to trap the fish. My question is what is a weir? It is a fence in the water to trap the fish. Wow. The northwest people are a really good community. They are a great community because each person had a special job. Like the men have the hunting and fishing job. When I read these books I felt like I was a northwest Native American!
The northwest Native Americans cooked lots of different ways. The northwest people ate with their hands. They cooked on sticks over the fire, made cooking boxes out of wood. The northwest people dipped the fish into the fish oil and ate it with their hands. The fish was cooked on roasted sticks that they cooked over the fire. They did not make pottery. Cooking boxes could not be cooked on the fire because they were made out of wood so they put fish and water and hot rocks until it boiled. Fish rotted very quickly, so the women dried it over the fire and if it were hot outside, they would put the fish out in the sun. They did that for the berries, too. It was so much fun studying about the northwest Native American’s food. They have a great menu because they have so many ways to cook their food. I compared these days to those days, and they have some good ways to cook their food, like cooking boxes are brilliant.
The northwest native people ate a lot of different things. The northwest people had a lot of favorite foods, like fish eggs, salmon, fish oil, whale oil, and deer meat. On special occasions they would even drink fish oil. They used fish oil for almost everything. The northwest people LOVED fish eggs and fish oil. Some fish eggs are now known as caviar. The northwest Native Americans had a big party called Potlatch. During Potlatch the people would come and eat a lot of food, and the host would give presents to everybody. You would not get the same presents. As an example a big chief would get a big present like a canoe or a coat. The host would sometimes give almost everything away. But of course when the host goes to another Potlatch party he would get a valuable gift. The northwest Native Americans have great taste. I love salmon fish eggs are ok but Native Americans are so cool!
The northwest Native Americans have cool ways to cook their food get their food and eat their food. They sound like nice people, don’t they? I want to say that Native Americans ROCK! They had cool ways to survive and cool things to eat. Northwest Native Americans and I are alike. We both love food!
Clothing
I’ll be telling you about what men and women wore, the materials and tools and the decorations and designs of the southwest. The tribes Hopi, Pueblo, Apache, Zuni and Navajo loved in the southwest in the area around New Mexico and Arizona. The climate in a temperate desert is very hot. The time period was a long time ago, around the fifteen hundreds, before the Europeans arrived.
What men and women wore
In the southwest men and women mostly wore the same clothing. Girls and boys mostly wore kilts/skirts, similar fringed aprons, leggings, sandals, and belts. The elders wore the same as either the girls or boys, of course in their own size. The men sometimes wore gentlemen clothing which is a garment that hangs down from the man’s waist. The women sometimes wore a manta, which is made of two blankets. One of the blankets is wrapped around and tied on the shoulder, then the other blanket is wrapped around and tied on the waist. In the southwest you can see that the men and women usually wore similar clothing, but sometimes they also wore different clothing.
Materials and tools
In the southwest the materials and tools made it much easier to make the clothing. One of the tools used for making the clothing was wooden frames or looms or spindles. For weaving you would also use a comb to make the blankets weave close together and flat. Some other materials were buckskin, wool, turkey feathers and plant fibers. Some more tools would, of course, be their hands, and they used slender branches to make smooth hard knitting needles. Pinion trees and rabbit weed were dyes. In the southwest you can see that most of the tools were mostly used for weaving and the materials were very different.
Decorations and designs
In the southwest decorations and designs were inspired by ancestors so they were very important to the women who made the decorations and designs. They were very pretty once they were made. They used bold diamonds and zigzag patterns. They also used plants such as pinion trees and rabbit weed to make dyes of different shades and colors. Some materials like animal skin, plant fibers and turkey feathers were put on blankets or clothing as decorations or designs. The way the baskets and necklaces were decorated and designed was passed down to the girls from their mother’s ancestral tradition. For necklace making stones were used for beads. Bones were made into ornaments. Turquoise was added to make it pretty. In the southwest you can see that there are many interesting and different ways to make decorations and designs.
Conclusion
I found researching and typing to you interesting, really fun and exciting but also a challenge because I want my paper about Native Americans clothing good enough for you to read. The most interesting thing was writing my first draft!!!!! I was really nervous. Would you be nervous? I got the southwest and I was so happy about that!!! Would you have wanted the southwest, southeast, northwest or northeast? I couldn’t wait for you to read this paper!! I had so much fun in the prosess!! I am so glad I got to do this amazing project for you!!
Northeast Technology
I am studying technology. Technology is a subject that consists of machines, weapons, clothing, shelter, and, culture. Technology turned from rock caves, to wigwams, to buildings today. In this paper you will learn about how Native Americans made weapons, houses, and, canoes. I am studying the Native Americans of the northeast woodlands. They had plenty of food such as deer and bear. The tribes you will learn about are the Iroquois and Lenapes. I am telling you about time before European contact.
How Native Americans made houses.
Native Americans made wigwams, small circle like houses, and big oval like houses called longhouses. They made their houses this way because they lived in big families and didn’t move that much. The Iroquois made wigwams out of upright logs and cross poles covered in elm bark. Next they made a frame for the walls out of pieces of elm bark by pushing the saplings into an arch. To cover the house frame, women peeled sheets of elm bark. The Lenape used elm bark chestnut or reeds to cover the house frame. Canoes were made out of the same material as wigwams and longhouses.
How Native Americans made canoes
Native Americans made a lot of different types of canoes, for different reasons like war, traveling, and hunting. The birchbark canoe was made from cedar saplings set close together and tied together with tough fibers or roots. Then they sewed pieces of birch bark together and sewed them to the frame. The birch bark canoe was used for fishing. The dugout canoe could carry twenty to forty people. It was good for sea battles, fishing, whaling, and carrying families. The dugout canoe was made of one big tree trunk. After removing the branches and bark they burned the dugout canoe out by using many fires. Then they scraped, and hollowed it into shape. The dugout canoe and others were very good for war because of their massive size. The weapons were also very useful for fishing hunting and war.
How Native Americans made their weapons.
Native Americans made all weapons by hand because they didn’t have any machines. They needed weapons for fishing, hunting, and war. Sharp stones such as flint and quartz were made into knives, drills, and scrapers. The Native Americans made bows from slender sticks. They heated polished and oiled the bow over and over it would bend into shape. At each end of the bow they cut notches for the bowstrings. The strings were made of many twists of sinew or tendons. Men decorated their bows. When finished the bow stood 6 to 5 feet tall! Arrows had to be straight otherwise they wobbled when shot. Native Americans made arrows from hickory, ash, and viberum branches. To one end of the arrow shaft (the body of the arrow) they bound split feathers. Some used hawk feathers. At the other head of the arrow shaft they put a flint arrowhead bound by sinew. As you can see the Native Americans made all weapons out of their natural environment and by hand.
Just so you know, Native Americans are not like the ones in Peter Pan. If you happen to know something interesting about clothing tell me. My favorite part is the third paragraph in which I teach you about weapons because I wanted my topic to be War and Warfare. If you are wondering why I don’t have any clothing in this research the reason is because I didn’t want to.
The Northeast Food
Introduction
I am studying the northeast foods and you will learn about hunting food, food they gathered, food they grew, and how they cooked their food. The region that I am studying is the northeast well it is in the northeast in North America and winters were mild and summers could get extremely hot. The time period I studied is around the 1500s. The Ojibwa and Iroquois are two of the tribes.
Hunting
In this paragraph you will hear about how the northeast Indians hunted their food. In this paragraph you will learn about what the men used to hunt and how the men made their weapons. They would use dead falls to catch big animals and used bows and arrows. Dead falls hold big and heavy things above where animals walk. When the big animal steps on the jig that pushes the big and heavy thing down, it falls down on the big animal and sckwash. The animal is still enough for them to shoot and it. Arrows and bows are used together. The arrow is shot by the bow. The bow launches the arrow and the arrow shoots in to the animal. They hunted fish, too.
At rivers and lakes, the men took a long stick and attached an arrow to the stick. When they saw a fish, they would stick the spear into the fish and bring the fish to the wigwam or long house, two kinds of houses. You can also read about these two in Laeo’s paper. Here is a fact about hunting. The Native Americans cared for the animals and would not kill the animal during the mating season or birth season. The men would also catch clams, oysters, and scallops. They were found in the rivers and bays. The Indians that lived near the rivers would harvest thousands of shellfish. They would eat the meat in side and make big piles of the shells, like we saw at Inwood Park. Some Indians would harvest freshwater muscles. They are smaller then ocean clams and oysters. They caught birds, too, with the neck trap. They would blend the rope into the bushes and it would be shaped in a loop for where the head of the bird would be. When the bird’s head went into the loop the Indian watching would pull up the loop and it would choke the bird. The bird would die. So the Native Americans were so smart they could catch big animals to tiny animals and make perfect traps and weapons to catch those animals.
Food they gathered
In this paragraph you will learn about the food the Native Americans gathered. They gathered lots of different foods. FUN FACT did you know that the women would cook and gather the food? They would gather lots of things, like corn, acorns, and wild strawberries. Sometimes the children would go to the woods and gather chestnuts that they would roast roots, mushrooms and fruits and all other kinds of plants. A lot of plants were eaten when they turned ripe. Food was stored for the winter, but not strawberries. They were most ripe in the late spring. In spring there are wild strawberries, blueberries, blackberries and the root of the cattail plant. Sometimes there were leftovers for winter from spring and summer.
Food they grew
Lots of food were grown and gathered. They would grow rice and this is how. Two women would be in a canoe and collected rice stalks and pulled off the stalks in until the canoe was full. They would take the canoe ashore, and they would parch the stalks (when I say parch I mean heat over a fire) until the stalks dried. The heat loosened the husks or the case of the stalks. Once the grain were loosened, the grains had to be jigged. A man would dance on the stalks to finish the rubbing off the husks. The women then put the rice in a shallow tray and threw the stalks in the air to dry the rice. They would also grow corn, squash and beans because beans need to grow up something and corn grows tall and squash grows around the bottom. They plant them near each other and they are called tree sisters!! I really liked learning about all the different kinds of food Native Americans grew. And there were so many.
How they cooked their food
In this paragraph you will learn about most of the ways Native Americans cooked their foods and how they made their fires and what they used. They would take two sticks and rub them together until they made a fire. The fire was in the middle of a circle with rocks forming the circle. They put sticks in a cone shape over the burning sticks and that was their fire. They also hung clay pots over the fire. They would take two sticks and plant them in to the ground around the fire. They tied another stick on top of the two sticks. They would tie two sticks to the one on the top vertically hanging down. They would tie a piece of bark to the vertical sticks as a platform. They put a pot on the little platform and cooked it on there. There were foods that were not cooked, like acorns. They were sometimes roasted.
I liked this because it was very interesting and I hope you think so, too. I loved learning about the northeast food and I hope you enjoyed it, too. My thing that I found most interesting was food they gathered and the three sisters.
Technology in the Plains and Prairies
Native Americans in the plains and prairies had amazing technology varying from loose clothing and hunting materials, like a bow and arrow and a spear, to tipis. The plains and prairies are in middle America. It was very hot and dry in the plains and prairies. There were only a few trees because there wasn’t enough rain to water them. There were also some shrubs and a lot of grass. Some of the tribes that lived there were the Blackfoot or Blackfeet, the Cree, Sioux, Arapaho, Crow, Kiowa, and Comanche. So come on for a ride, back to a time 500 years ago when technology didn’t mean TVs and computers and iPods, but clothing and bows and arrows and houses.
Houses
Houses were very important to the Indians of the plains and prairies. Each house was unique in its own way. The tipi poles [which you needed to have to hold up the tipi] needed to be long and straight. Willow, lodge and cedar trees made the best tipi poles. First the men cut about fifteen straight trees. Then they cut off the branches and the bark, so the poles were smooth. If they were not they would rip through the tipi cover. When the plains Indians traveled the horses dragged the poles on the ground. New poles were needed every one to two years. The tipi cover was made out of buffalo hide. The plains Indians needed new hides when a new home was needed. The men hunted and killed the buffalo. Then it was the women’s job to make the tipi cover out of the buffalo hide. It took as many as fourteen buffalo hides to make a good sized home. Then the women would put smoke inside the tipi, it was called smoking the hides. Smoking the hides made the tipi hides not crack. You needed a lot of technology to make a tipi, especially technology made out of natural materials. Most of the houses and weapons and everything else were made out of natural materials.
Weapons
Weapons were very important to the Native Americans because they helped them hunt well. It was mostly the women’s job to make the weapons because the men were out hunting for many weeks at a time. The bow and arrow, which is one of the most famous Native American weapons, was made out of hard elastic wood. A connective tissue in the buffalo’s backbone called sinew made great bows if you twisted it. When Europeans came to what we now call Florida, they brought horses. They escaped to the plains and prairies. The plains and prairies Indians made smaller bows and arrows so they were easier to hold on horseback. Weapons were very important to the Native Americans of the plains and prairies because the root of survival is food and you need weapons to make that root.
Clothing
Clothing in the plains and prairies varied from furry and fluffy winter clothes to loose and light summer clothes. The people of the plains and prairies used porcupine quills that were dyed a certain color to make decorations. They didn’t use beads because they didn’t have them, but when the Europeans came to America they had beads that they gave to the Native Americans. The women in the tribes made all the clothing because the men didn’t learn how to make clothing. If you tanned [tan means to soften and preserve the hide] the buffalo hide it made a soft cloth like leather used for clothing. If you were a Native American child your mother would scrape off the debris of the hide with a bone that was used for a scraper. Next she would turn the hide over and scrapes the hair off. Hot summers were ideal for drying the hides on straight poles. Clothing in the plains and prairies was hard to make but definitely worth it because the end product was amazing [and soft].
This time [the 1500’s] was a time of greatness and the most amazing thing is that it worked. They worked together which is what we are still trying to do today, but they did it hundreds of years ago [which is a good thing to think about]. So the world seems to work faster when we have computers and TVs, but better when we don’t have TVs and computers, which is the biggest thing I got out of this. I guess technology is one thing to one culture and another to another.
THE AMAZING PEOPLE OF THE PLAINS AND PRAIRIES!
This paper is about the food of the Native people in the plains and prairies of North America before European contact. Some of the tribes of the plains and prairies are Souix, Cheyenne, and Arapaho. For the plains and prairies people their main food source was the bison, and wherever the bison traveled, the people traveled with them. Food is not plentiful on the plains and prairies because it is a very barren place in the grasslands. You will first learn about what the bison was used for. Secondly, you will learn about how to cook bison. Finally, you will learn about how to properly store food. Studying the plains and prairies and its people was a lot of fun because I learned about something I never even thought about. I hope you learn a lot.
The bison had several different uses for the people. Bison is the most popular animal on the plains and prairies. The bison is mostly hunted by being scared off cliffs or being pushed into an easier place to be hunted, like into a wide closed off space. First the whole tribe gathers for the hunt so everyone knows what’s going on. Then the hunters leave and try to track down the bison’s herd. Sometimes the hunters disguise themselves as different animals to blend in wherever the hunters are. Once the arrival of the bison’s herd comes many tribes like Souix, Cheyenne, and Arapaho hold dances and parties to bring the buffalo herd to them. Bisons don’t have good eyesight but they have excellent smell and their horns are extremely dangerous. The hunters use this advantage of bad eyesight so that they can sneak up behind the bison and kill from behind. The bison was not all used for food. It was used for clothing and houses, and its bones were sometimes used as tools. After European contact hunting was a whole lot easier because the Europeans brought horses. Horses helped Native Americans because they could be right beside the bison instead of being behind them. But with horses, the bows and arrows had to be smaller, shorter, and less heavy. The bison was a really important food, and it was cooked in several different ways with several different side dishes.
Cooking a meal took a lot of steps. The fire drill (a skinny piece of wood) had to be rubbed quickly in between both of your palms until the tinder (bark or bison droppings) caught on fire. Rocks were getting hot in the fire. The hot stones were lifted out of the fire and dropped into the bison skin receptacle filled with water. The water is boiled in the bison skin pouch. The meat could be boiled in a pot, roasted on a stick balanced over the fire, or it could also be grilled over the hot coals. This all could not be done if the meat was not stored properly.
You must store your meat properly or else the meat would rot. The plains and prairies people stored their food by making it into pemmican. The people started by first drying the meat under the sun on a log drying rack. Then a woman pounded it with a stone to make it thin. Then, another person boiled the bison fat from cracked bones. Then, it was packed into a raw skin envelope mixed with the boiled fat and berries. Pemmican helps store food by keeping it fresh. The food has to be stored properly or else when you cook the meat it won’t taste as good or the meat might go bad.
I hope you noticed that Native Americans had to do a lot of hard work to stay healthy. Hunting was not so easy because first they had to travel a long, long way. The people of the plains and prairies did not have a refrigerator to store their food and there were no ovens and fancy cookbooks to help them cook their food. The most interesting part of the research for me was learning how to cook a Native American meal because it is nothing like how we cook meals today.
The Southwestern Native American Activities and Recreation
Introduction
This research paper is about the activities and recreation of the southwestern Native American tribes. Some of those tribes were the Zuni, the Pima, the Apache, the Hopi, and the Navajo. This research paper will be covering the sports that children played, the toys that they played with, and family games. If you like short but interesting papers, this is the place for you.
The children’s favorite sports
The Children’s sports were a very important part of the life of the southwestern Native Americans. I found out quite a lot about them, even though it wasn’t the easiest thing, I still found out a lot of information. The children of the southwest loved team sports. Most of those sports were footraces, ball games, darts, and archery shooting through rolling hoops. You never kept score, so the fun was in the game, not the winning. The darts were made of corncobs and feathers. Some of those sports were thought to bring good luck, like rain to the stony terrain of the southwest. These were games like archery. The southwestern Native American children played many sports.
The children’s favorite toys
Toys had a very rich part of my research, even though I did not find many resources. You will see that in this paragraph, since it is only about two toys. Kachina dolls were one of the things I found a lot about. The kachina dolls looked like the way the Native Americans thought the gods looked like. They looked like animals in one way and people in another. They had human beards, animal noses, and animal feet, people hair, etc. The men of the villages would also dress up this same way to thank and ask the gods for rain. They thought this costume gave them power to do this. The other favorite doll of the southwest was a hide doll. Most of these dolls looked like a ten-year-old girl with the squash blossom hairstyle, large squashed twists. The clothing on this doll was made out of a hide of an animal. On her top there were beads for buttons. After European contact those buttons would be made out of glass. But since we are talking about prior to European contact, those beads were not made of glass.
Family games
Family games had very little research resources. I got an extremely low amount of information. I want you to know that these facts are not facts, just guesses. Families played lots of chance games, like cards today. Sometimes they would even bet on who would win the game! I’m guessing that the cards were made out of thin strips of wood. I am also guessing that the symbols were dyed onto the cards, which were very different than the symbols today.
Conclusion
The activities and recreation of the southwestern Native American people is a very important part of the culture. It was hard researching them because at first I could not find many researching resources, but then I got a bit of information, about few topics, though. Also I want to remind you again that the things I said about the cards were just guesses, not correct facts. I thought it was interesting that the Native Americans used corncobs for dart’s insides. I also thought it was interesting that children shot arrows through hoops. I also thought it was interesting kachinas were thought to bring rain power. I was curious about war and warfare, not recreation, even though I ended up studying it. Also do not forget that they still live today! Sorry this was a bit short, but treasure it!
Food of the Southwest
If you would like to expand your knowledge of the southwest people’s food then you should read this research paper. If not then this is not your type of paper to read. The southwest has a hot summer and a cold winter. That made it hard to grow food and yet the southwest tribes managed to grow food. I am studying the Native Americans before European contact. The Hopi, Zuni and Pueblo are some of the tribes that lived in the southwest.
Cooking
How the southwest people cooked their food is very interesting. When they are cooking bread they build an oven out of fired clay. Then they would put fired clay racks in the oven and then that is when they would put the bread in the oven to cook it. The southwest people always had their ovens facing east because the wind and sand blew in from the west. The southwest people also liked to dry meat to make a type of jerky. Sometimes they made an energy food called pemmican. Pemmican is made of dried meat, kidney fat, and crushed cranberries. They also ground corn to make cornmeal. Unlike other areas, the southwest has a lot of fired clay pots and pans. The southwest stored their water in carved mesa rock. They also collected water in the mesa rock. Just think about how much time and energy they put into cooking their food. Imagine how much time and energy it took them to hunt for food.
Hunting
When the southwest people hunted for food they had to travel very far to the plains and prairies. Before the Spanish came with horses the southwestern tribes would stampede the bison off of cliffs and then kill them. One of these cliffs is called Head-Smashed-In. Another way that the southwest people hunted bison is they would disguise themselves as wolves and then shoot the bison with a bow and arrow. That is how the southwest people hunted for food. How they grew their food is what I will inform you about next.
Farming
When the southwest people farmed, they could not just throw seeds into the ground for many reasons. One of those is the weather. The reasons that the southwest people could grow corn in the desert conditions is that the corn had long roots to reach down to the moisture and to keep the plant from blowing away. This corn is called Hopi corn. Hopi corn is also much shorter than modern day corn. Some southwest tribes were flood farmers. Flood farmers are literally farmers that farm when the desert floods. They also would grow the three sisters. The three sisters are corn, beans, and squash planted around each other. As you can see the southwest people have many ways to grow their foods.
I hope that this paper has increased your knowledge of how the people of the southwest cooks, hunts, and farms. I thought the fact that they disguised themselves as wolves to hunt bison was very interesting. Doing things 500 years ago is much different than modern day. I hope that you have enjoyed this research paper and will use this information throughout your lives.
